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The effect of resistance band training on the forehand smash speed of youth male badminton singles players
Danan Satria Rahadhi1, Yopi Kusdinar2, Patriana Nurmansyah Awwaludin3, Mulyana Mulyana 41. Indonesia University of Education , ID2. Indonesia University of Education , ID3. Indonesia University of Education , ID4. Indonesia University of Education , ID2025-04-30|page 60-70AbstractBackground: Forehand smash shots kill opponents with explosive blows in a badminton game. In hitting a forehand smash, there are several problems, one of which is the speed of the punch.
Objectives: This study is designed to investigate and identify alternative exercises that can enhance the speed of smash shots. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for athletes and trainers, aiding in the development of effective training programs.
Methods: The research method used in this study is an experimental method with a quantitative approach and a Two Group Pretest-Posttest Design research design. The population in this study were PB Pasundan Bandung badminton athletes, totaling 30 athletes, with a sample of 20 people using a purposive sampling technique. The instrument in this study used a smash shot speed test using the Velocity Speed Gun tool. The data was processed and analyzed using the normality test with Shapiro-Wilk and then analyzed using the independent t-test with SPSS 23.
Results: The T-test value is with a Sig value. (2-tailed) of 0.00, based on the test results, the Sig value. (2-tailed) <0.05 so that H0 is rejected. So, resistance band training has a significant effect on increasing the speed of forehand smash shots.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the consistent use of resistance bands in training sessions could be a game-changer in boosting the speed of forehand smash shots for badminton athletes. These results strongly advocate integrating resistance band training into early-stage badminton training programs. Future studies could further explore its long-term effects and application across different age groups, fostering hope for the continued evolution of training methods in badminton.
APA Citation StyleRahadhi, D. S. , Kusdinar, Y. , Awwaludin, P. N. , & Mulyana , M. (2025). The effect of resistance band training on the forehand smash speed of youth male badminton singles players. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 60-70. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.524 -
Development and evaluation of an Android-based multimedia application to promote healthy lifestyles in physical education: A study at State Junior High School 29 Semarang
Galang Yusuf Pujiyanto1, Ibnu Fatkhu Royana2, Muh. Isna Nurdin Wibisana31. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID3. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2025-07-23|page 162-174AbstractBackground: The integration of interactive, technology-based media in Physical Education, particularly for teaching health-related content, remains limited despite its potential to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes.
Objectives: This study aims to address this gap by developing and evaluating the effectiveness of an Android-based multimedia learning application, "Healthy Habits," designed to support the delivery of healthy lifestyle materials in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (Physical Education) subjects at the junior high school level.
Methods: The research employed a research and development (R&D) approach, involving expert validation from media and content specialists and usability trials with teachers and students.
Results: Validation results indicated a "Good" rating from the material expert (average score: 4.05) and a "Very Good" rating from the media expert (average score: 4.24), confirming the application's content quality and technical feasibility. Teacher evaluations also yielded a "Good" rating (average score: 4.07). Student trials produced positive responses, with small group testing receiving a "Very Good" rating (average score: 3.29), which increased to 4.23 ("Very Good") in large group testing. An effectiveness test assessing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning outcomes showed an average score of 85.6%, categorized as "Very Good." These findings demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of "Healthy Habits" as a digital learning tool for promoting healthy lifestyles in secondary school students.
Conclusions: The application offers practical value for educators and curriculum developers seeking to integrate mobile technology into Physical Education. Future studies are encouraged to explore the implementation of this application in varied educational contexts and its potential integration across other subject areas.
APA Citation StylePujiyanto, G. Y. , Royana, I. F. , & Wibisana, M. I. N. (2025). Development and evaluation of an Android-based multimedia application to promote healthy lifestyles in physical education: A study at State Junior High School 29 Semarang. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 162-174. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.607 -
Integrating technology in physical education: The impact of TPACK-based tactical and technical approaches on football skills and student motivation
Defri Mulyana1, Adang Suherman2, Komarudin Komarudin3, Bambang Abduljabar4, Fegie Rizkia Mulyana51. Indonesia University of Education , ID2. Indonesia University of Education , ID3. Indonesia University of Education , ID4. Indonesia University of Education , ID5. Siliwangi University , ID2025-05-14|page 71-82AbstractBackground: Motivation and skill development are vital in physical education, particularly football. Tactical learning emphasizes decision-making and game understanding, while technical learning focuses on mastering fundamental skills.
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the impact of a TPACK-based tactical and technical learning approach on student motivation and football skill acquisition among high school students in Tasikmalaya.
Methods: The study applied the TPACK framework—integrating Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge—in designing the learning model. Using an experimental method with a pre-test–post-test design, 30 students were divided into two groups. Motivation was assessed via a Likert-scale questionnaire, while football skills (passing, heading, dribbling, shooting, and playing ability) were evaluated through standardized tests. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: The technical approach significantly enhanced basic football skills, notably heading (t = 8.47) and shooting (t = 8.29), proving its effectiveness in improving fundamental competencies. Conversely, the tactical approach showed a notable increase in student motivation (t = 4.98) and playing ability (t = 5.94), reflecting its strength in fostering strategic understanding and engagement. TPACK integration further reinforced both approaches through effective use of technology.
Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of combining tactical and technical approaches to promote holistic student development. Continued research is needed to explore the long-term effects and potential of integrating diverse technological tools in physical education.
APA Citation StyleMulyana, D. , Suherman, A. , Komarudin, K. , Abduljabar, B. , & Mulyana, F. R. (2025). Integrating technology in physical education: The impact of TPACK-based tactical and technical approaches on football skills and student motivation. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 71-82. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.523 -
Optimising physiological recovery after high-intensity training: A combined approach of hydrotherapy, contrast bath, and full-body massage in futsal players
Afif Dwi Nugraha1, Laily Mita Andriana2, Muhamad Fauzi Antoni3, Muhammad Labib Siena Ar Rasyid4, Bhekti Lestari51. Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID2. Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID3. Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID4. Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID5. Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID2025-12-15|page 302-317AbstractBackground: Efficient recovery after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is crucial for maintaining optimal performance and minimizing the risk of injury.
Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of combining hydrotherapy contrast baths and full-body massage in accelerating physiological recovery after a HIIT session, compared to the application of a single method.
Methods: This study employed a pre–post quasi-experimental design with three parallel groups (n = 45; 15 participants per group) to analyze the effectiveness of hydrotherapy combined with whole-body massage compared with each method applied separately. Participants were assigned to one of three conditions: (1) hydrotherapy contrast bath only, (2) full-body massage only, and (3) a combined intervention using both techniques. Physiological recovery was assessed using validated instruments, including heart rate monitors for heart rate recovery (HRR), portable lactate analysers for blood lactate concentration, and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for perceived muscle soreness. Data were analysed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, paired-sample t-test, and One-Way ANOVA.
Results: The findings demonstrated that the combined hydrotherapy–massage protocol resulted in greater improvements than the single-method groups, particularly in lactate reduction (e.g., -3.1 ± 0.8 mmol/L vs. - 1.9 ± 0.7 mmol/L and - 2.0 ± 0.6 mmol/L; p<0.05) and faster HRR. Participants in the combined group also reported significantly lower muscle soreness (p<0.05).
Conclusions: This suggests that integrating contrast bath hydrotherapy with full-body massage enhances circulation, accelerates metabolic waste clearance, and improves subjective recovery following HIIT. Future studies are recommended to include larger samples, compare different hydrotherapy temperatures, or examine long-term adaptations from repeated recovery sessions.APA Citation StyleNugraha, A. D. , Andriana, L. M. , Antoni, M. F. , Rasyid, M. L. S. A. , & Lestari, B. (2025). Optimising physiological recovery after high-intensity training: A combined approach of hydrotherapy, contrast bath, and full-body massage in futsal players. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 302-317. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.655 -
The relationship between limb length and lower-limb explosive power on squat-style long jump performance in junior secondary students
Karina Octaviani1, Siti Nurrochmah21. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID2025-07-01|page 103-114AbstractBackground: To determine the relationship between leg length and leg muscle explosive power with squat style long jump performance applied to junior high school students.
Objectives: This study examines the relationship between leg length, leg muscle explosive power, and the ability to jump squatting style long.
Methods: The method used is a quantitative descriptive design with a correlational study. The study population amounted to 60 male students in class VIII. Sampling using the Purposive Proportional Systematic Random Sampling technique amounted to 45 students. The collected data were analyzed using three prerequisite tests: data normality test, homogeneity test, and linearity test. After fulfilling the prerequisite test requirements, it can be continued with 4 hypothesis tests, product moment test, multiple correlation test, regression equation line, and practical contribution and relative contribution.
Results: The data obtained using inferential statistics in multiple correlation analysis is complemented by multiple regression analysis. The results of the multiple correlation test obtained a coefficient = 0.687 and Sig. P = 0.001 < a = 0.05.
Conclusions: The study concludes a positive and linear relationship between leg length and leg muscle explosive power with squat-style long jump performance. Based on these findings, further research is recommended to explore additional variables such as speed, flexibility, and confidence, which may influence squat-style long jump performance.
APA Citation StyleOctaviani, K. , & Nurrochmah, S. (2025). The relationship between limb length and lower-limb explosive power on squat-style long jump performance in junior secondary students. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 103-114. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.561 -
Immediate effect of thoracic spinal manipulation versus passive stretching on upper trapezius pain in university students: A randomized controlled trial
Sherin Nada Salsabila1, Adnan Faris Naufal21. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID2. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID2025-11-26|page 250-265AbstractBackground: Pain disorders in the upper trapezius muscle are often experienced by students due to non-ergonomic postures and excessive duration of device use. Interventions such as spinal manipulation and stretching exercises are non-invasive interventions often used to reduce pain and improve muscle function.
Objectives: This study compares the effectiveness of two interventions in reducing trapezius muscle pain among university students.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial involved 40 physiotherapy students divided equally into two intervention groups. Group I received thoracic spinal manipulation, and Group II received passive stretching. Each intervention was administered in a single 15-minute session. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and immediately after treatment. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test for within-group comparisons and the Mann–Whitney U test for between-group analysis, with an alpha level of 0.05.
Results: The Wilcoxon test revealed a significant decrease in pain within both groups (Group I: median pre 4.5 [3.63–5] to post 2.5 [1.50–3.38], p = 0.000, r = 0.879; Group II: median pre 4.25 [3–5] to post 1 [0.13–3], p = 0.000, r = 0.84), indicating a significant effect of both interventions. The Mann–Whitney U test showed no statistically significant difference in pain reduction between the two groups (median pain difference = 2 [1–3] for both, U = 186.5, Z = –0.375, p = 0.707, r = 0.06).
Conclusions: Both thoracic spinal manipulation and passive stretching were effective in reducing upper trapezius pain immediately after a single session, but no significant difference was found between the two interventions. These findings suggest that both approaches provide comparable short-term benefits; however, further research with larger samples, multiple sessions, and more extended follow-up periods is needed to confirm their long-term efficacy.
APA Citation StyleSalsabila, S. N. , & Naufal, A. F. (2025). Immediate effect of thoracic spinal manipulation versus passive stretching on upper trapezius pain in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 250-265. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.634 -
Medical observations and injury analysis: All Girls Touch Rugby Championship 2024
Mohamad Nizam Nazarudin1, Yong Qin Tan2, Ardo Okilanda3, Yovhandra Ockta4, Reshandi Nugraha51. National University of Malaysia , MY2. National University of Malaysia , MY3. State University of Padang , ID4. Universitas Teuku Umar , ID5. UniversitasPendidikan Indonesia , ID2025-04-04|page 32-45AbstractBackground: Touch rugby is a high-intensity, non-contact sport requiring agility, speed, and coordination. This study analyzes injury distribution, treatment effectiveness, and preventive measures among youth touch rugby players.
Objectives: This study examined injury patterns among adolescent female athletes during the 2024 All-Girls Touch Rugby Championship (AGTR 2024).
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using medical reports from the two-day All-Girls Touch Rugby Championship 2024 (AGTR 2024) at Universiti Putra Malaysia. The study examined 484 female athletes (ages 9–18 years), with 176 injuries recorded and categorized as soft tissue injuries (52.3%), abrasions (23.9%), and sprains (14.2%). Descriptive statistics were used to assess injury distribution, while chi-square analysis (χ² = 10.45, p < 0.01) evaluated the relationship between injury type and age group.
Results: Younger players (10–14 years) sustained more abrasions (60%), whereas older athletes (15–18 years) had a higher incidence of soft tissue injuries (68%). Injuries increased by 66.7% on Day 2, highlighting the impact of cumulative fatigue and tournament intensity. Ice therapy (68%) and bandaging (55%) were the most utilized treatments, with only 7% of cases requiring outpatient referrals.
Conclusions: Findings underscore the need for structured warm-ups, enhanced hydration protocols, and targeted strength training to reduce injury risks. The study emphasizes the role of injury surveillance, playing surface improvements, and gender-specific training programs in preventing injuries and enhancing athlete safety. Implementing evidence-based preventive strategies can promote the long-term development and sustainability of touch rugby for adolescent athletes. Future research should focus on longitudinal injury tracking and tailored intervention strategies.
APA Citation StyleNazarudin, M. N. , Tan, Y. Q. , Okilanda, A. , Ockta, Y. , & Nugraha, R. (2025). Medical observations and injury analysis: All Girls Touch Rugby Championship 2024. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 32-45. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.495 -
Enhancing locomotor skills in preschoolers through play jump rope
Nancy Trisari Schiff1, Andy Supriady21. Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) Pasundan , ID2. Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) Pasundan , ID2026-04-14|page 135-146AbstractBackground: Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS), particularly in the Locomotor Skills domain, are an essential prerequisite for lifelong physical participation. However, the dominance of a sedentary lifestyle threatens young children's mastery of these skills.
Objectives: This study aims to test and prove the effectiveness of the jump rope play intervention program in improving locomotor skills in 5–6-year-old children.
Methods: This research uses a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 19 males and 11 females, for a total of 30 children. Locomotor skills are measured objectively using the Locomotor subtest of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). The Jump Rope Game intervention was implemented in a structured manner over 8 weeks (3 sessions/week). The data were analyzed using the Paired-Samples T-Test.
Results: The research results show a highly significant improvement in locomotor skills scores after the intervention. The average score increased from 23.30 on the pretest to 27.87 on the posttest, reflecting a 19.61% increase. The paired-samples t-test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05), confirming that the difference between the two measurements was statistically significant.
Conclusions: Jump rope games have proven to be an effective, efficient, and enjoyable intervention for significantly improving young children's locomotor skills. This research recommends integrating inexpensive, easily accessible play-based activities into the early childhood education curriculum as a practical strategy to support physical literacy and address basic movement deficits.
APA Citation StyleSchiff, N. T. , & Supriady, A. (2026). Enhancing locomotor skills in preschoolers through play jump rope. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 135-146. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.652 -
Unveiling the digital gym: A phenomenological dive into online physical education pedagogy
Princes Lloyda Peralta11. Saint Louis College , PH2025-04-04|page 15-31AbstractBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a rapid shift to online learning, posing significant challenges for traditionally hands-on subjects like Physical Education (PE). Limited student engagement, digital accessibility issues, and the need for pedagogical adaptation became major concerns for PE instructors.
Objectives: This study aims to explore the lived experiences of PE instructors in adapting to online instruction, identifying the strategies, challenges, and innovations they employed to maintain instructional effectiveness.
Methods: A qualitative research design utilizing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was adopted to gain deep insights into instructors’ experiences. Purposive sampling was used to select seven PE instructors from urban and rural institutions, ensuring diverse teaching contexts. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis was conducted to identify key adaptation strategies.
Results: Five major themes emerged from the findings: (1) Adaptation to Online Instruction, where instructors restructured their teaching approaches to accommodate digital platforms; (2) Effective Use of Digital Tools, emphasizing the role of online resources in enhancing instructional delivery; (3) Innovative Approaches to Engagement, detailing gamification techniques and interactive pedagogies; (4) Equitable Access Strategies, addressing disparities in internet connectivity and learning resources; and (5) Assessment of Success and Progress, highlighting novel evaluation methods tailored for online PE instruction. These themes collectively form the "Navigating Instructional Delivery Through Innovation, Technology, Engagement, and Equity" framework.
Conclusions: The study provides valuable insights into how PE instructors have innovatively adapted to online learning, ensuring student engagement and equitable access to education. The findings offer implications for policy-making, teacher training programs, and the future integration of technology in PE instruction. Future research should explore student perspectives and the long-term impact of digital PE on learning outcomes.
APA Citation StylePeralta, P. L. (2025). Unveiling the digital gym: A phenomenological dive into online physical education pedagogy. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 15-31. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.474 -
Impact of five-cone and ladder drill training on agility among U15 football athletes
Pupuh Harya Prembanyu1, Agus Wiyanto2, Setiyawan Setiyawan31. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID3. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2025-11-26|page 266-274AbstractBackground: Although it may seem simple, soccer has complex characteristics, which is why many children are attracted to training at soccer schools. Agility is a crucial aspect of the game, as it enables a player to move quickly, evade opponents, and control the ball effectively. At the Pemalang Regency Bina Talenta Soccer School (SSB), agility training is not conducted optimally and has not been implemented systematically with effective methods. Therefore, exercises such as the five-cone and ladder drills need to be implemented to improve player agility more effectively.
Objectives: This study aims to examine the impact of five-cone and ladder drill training on the agility of U15 football athletes.
Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a quasi-experimental approach. The experimental design was a pretest-posttest in two groups. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with 20 players participating in a four-week training program. The instrument to measure agility was the Illinois Agility Test, with a validity level of r = 0.87. The measurement data were analyzed using a difference test with the help of SPSS software version 29.0.
Results: The five-cone drill and the ladder drill had a significant effect on agility, as both exercises had a significance value of <0.05. The five-cone drill was more effective than the ladder drill. This was due to the difference in scores between the five-cone drill, which increased by 1.04, and the ladder drill, which increased by 0.84.
Conclusions: Both training methods are effective in improving agility and can be integrated into school-based football training programs. Furthermore, the results of implementing these methods can enhance player performance and provide a valuable source of new knowledge for future researchers on agility in SSB players.
APA Citation StylePrembanyu, P. H. , Wiyanto, A. , & Setiyawan, S. (2025). Impact of five-cone and ladder drill training on agility among U15 football athletes. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 266-274. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.633 -
Low-impact specialized pilates is better than low intensity steady state for increasing fitness level
Laily Mita Andriana1, Kunjung Ashadi2, Fransisca Januarumi Marhaendra Wijaya3, Muhamad Fauzi Antoni41. Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID2. Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID3. Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID4. Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID2025-07-13|page 139-151AbstractBackground: Elderly individuals with disabilities often face challenges in maintaining physical fitness, highlighting the need for effective and appropriate exercise methods tailored to their limitations.
Objectives: This study compares the effectiveness of low-impact specialized Pilates and Low-Intensity Steady-State (LISS) exercise in improving fitness levels among older adults with mild to moderate disabilities. The unique advantage of Pilates in enhancing balance and core strength is presented as a novel contribution.
Methods: A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test assessments was employed, involving 40 elderly participants with disabilities divided into two intervention groups over 8 weeks. Participants were selected through purposive sampling based on the inclusion criteria of 60–75 years with mild to moderate disabilities. Fitness levels were assessed using the Senior Fitness Test, which evaluates muscular strength, balance, flexibility, and aerobic capacity.
Results: Data analysis was conducted using the Shapiro–Wilk test, paired sample t-test, and independent sample t-test. The results demonstrated that the low-impact specialized Pilates group showed significant improvements in core strength, balance, and flexibility, whereas the LISS group exhibited greater improvements in aerobic capacity.
Conclusions: In conclusion, low-impact specialized Pilates is more effective in enhancing overall fitness among elderly individuals with disabilities. Therefore, it is recommended as a suitable exercise modality for rehabilitation and health maintenance programs to improve this population's quality of life and functional independence.
APA Citation StyleAndriana, L. M. , Ashadi, K. , Wijaya, F. J. M. , & Antoni, M. F. (2025). Low-impact specialized pilates is better than low intensity steady state for increasing fitness level. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 139-151. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.575 -
The effect of peer teaching and think pair share on rhythmic gymnastics learning outcomes
Muhammad Lutfi Hasan1, Ibnu Fatkhu Royana2, Utvi Hinda Zhannisa31. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID3. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2025-08-14|page 195-203AbstractBackground: Rhythmic gymnastics plays a vital role in developing students' motor skills, coordination, and rhythm, yet many still face challenges in mastering movement concepts.
Objectives: This study compared the effectiveness of Peer Teaching and Think Pair Share (TPS) cooperative learning models in improving rhythmic gymnastics learning outcomes.
Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest–posttest was conducted on 68 eighth-grade students (male and female) at State Junior High School 4 Semarang, divided into Peer Teaching (n=34) and TPS (n=34) groups. Learning outcomes were assessed using a validated rhythmic gymnastics performance test, and data were analyzed descriptively with gain score calculation.
Results: The TPS group achieved a greater improvement in posttest scores (from 67.21 to 79.59; +18.41%) compared to the Peer Teaching group (from 79.18 to 79.85; +0.85%). These results indicate that TPS enhances students' understanding, coordination, and engagement in rhythmic gymnastics learning.
Conclusions: TPS is recommended for physical education teachers to improve performance, particularly for students with lower initial skills. Further studies should explore its long-term effects and retention.
APA Citation StyleHasan, M. L. , Royana, I. F. , & Zhannisa, U. H. (2025). The effect of peer teaching and think pair share on rhythmic gymnastics learning outcomes. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 195-203. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.619 -
Impact of plyometric training using step-up and lateral box jumps on the improvement of leg muscle power in youth school futsal athletes
Risky Sandy Kurniawan1, Donny Anhar Fahmi2, Setiyawan Setiyawan31. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID3. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2025-08-15|page 212-221AbstractBackground: Futsal is a high-intensity sport that requires leg muscle power, especially in aerial duels, anticipating the ball, and performing powerful kicks. Limited jumping ability can reduce leg muscle power and overall performance.
Objectives: This study aims to test the impact of plyometric training using step-up and lateral box jumps on the improvement of leg muscle power in youth school futsal athletes.
Methods: A quasi-experimental single-group pretest-posttest design was conducted with 40 male participants over a four-week plyometric training program. Leg muscle power was measured using a vertical jump test before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using a t-test with the assistance of SPSS.
Results: Both step-up and lateral box jumps significantly increased leg muscle power (p < 0.05). The step-up group showed an average increase of 4.20 cm, while the lateral box jump group showed an average increase of 3.45 cm, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.326).
Conclusions: Both training methods effectively enhance leg muscle power and can be integrated into school-based futsal training programs to improve performance.
APA Citation StyleKurniawan, R. S. , Fahmi, D. A. , & Setiyawan, S. (2025). Impact of plyometric training using step-up and lateral box jumps on the improvement of leg muscle power in youth school futsal athletes. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 212-221. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.611 -
The relationship between arm length and body mass index (BMI) with turbo-throwing performance in elementary school students
Awaliyah Riskyta Putri1, Siti Nurrochmah21. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID2025-07-01|page 115-124AbstractBackground: This research is motivated by insufficient scientific research that specifically examines the relationship between arm length and Body Mass Index (BMI) on turbo throwing performance in elementary school students, especially in preparation for the National Student Sports Olympics (O2SN).
Objectives: This study examines the relationship between arm length and BMI and the turbo-throwing performance of sixth-grade students of State Elementary School Bunulrejo 1 Malang in preparation for the National Student Sports Olympics (O2SN) in 2025.
Methods: The method used is a quantitative descriptive design with a correlational study. The study population comprised 71 male students, with a sample of 45 male students. The research instrument was a turbo-throwing basic motion performance test, arm length measurement, and Body Mass Index (BMI) measurement. The analysis technique uses inferential statistics in the form of multiple correlation analysis, which is complemented by multiple regression analysis.
Results: The results were obtained using inferential statistics through multiple correlation analysis. The results of the multiple correlation test obtained a coefficient value = 0.723 and Sig. P = 0.001 < a = 0.05, and the contribution of the variable effectiveness of arm's length to turbo-throwing performance is 46.3%, while BMI is 5.9%, so the variables arm length and BMI provide an effective contribution of 52.2%.
Conclusions: Arm length and BMI significantly influence turbo-throwing performance. Arm length is the most dominant factor. These results can be a reference for teachers and coaches when selecting O2SNs and coaching athletes at the basic education level. Future researchers are expected to examine other variables that have not been studied to provide a more comprehensive picture of turbo-throwing performance.
APA Citation StylePutri, A. R. , & Nurrochmah, S. (2025). The relationship between arm length and body mass index (BMI) with turbo-throwing performance in elementary school students. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 115-124. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.563 -
Global trends of gamification in enhancing students’ social skills in physical education (2015–2025)
Rajip Mustafillah Rusdiyanto1, Ari Wibowo Kurniawan21. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID2025-07-01|page 125-138AbstractBackground: The development of digital technology has triggered a more interactive learning transformation through gamification, namely using game elements to increase students' motivation, engagement, and social skills, such as cooperation, communication, empathy, and problem solving.
Objectives: This study aims to analyze global research trends on gamification in enhancing students' social skills, particularly in physical education, through a bibliometric analysis from 2015 to 2025.
Methods: This study employed a bibliometric design. Data were retrived from the Scopus database on April 22, 2025, using specific keywords: (gamification OR gamified learning OR game-base-based learning) AND ("physical education" OR "PE class" OR "sport education") AND (social skills" OR "social competence" OR "social interaction") AND (elementary school" OR "primary school" OR "midle school" OR "junior high school" OR "high school" OR "secondary school" From an initial 120 documents, 47 met the inclusion criteria. VOSViewer was used to analyze keyword co-occurrence, visualize trends, and identify thematic clusters by completely counting on all keywords with at least two documents per author.
Results: 47 relevant articles were identified, with publication peaking in 2020. Keyword analysis revealed five main thematic clusters: gamification in education, digital game-based learning, collaborative learning, emerging technologies, and motivation. The most frequent keywords were game-based learning (n=12), gamification (n=9), and students (n=8). The University of Patras emerged as the most productive institution, while the leading journal was the International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research.
Conclusions: Although research on gamification has grown significantly, its application in physical education remains underexplored. This study reveals a gap in leveraging gamification to develop students' social skills in physical education. Future research should focus on integrating gamification in this context while considering sociocultural and technological factors to ensure inclusive and effective implementation.
APA Citation StyleRusdiyanto, R. M. , & Kurniawan, A. W. (2025). Global trends of gamification in enhancing students’ social skills in physical education (2015–2025). Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 125-138. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.598 -
Development and evaluation of a web-based interactive flashcard tool (Aero’Zen) for low-impact rhythmic activity instruction in physical education
Zenny Ni'matul Ulya1, Donny Anhar Fahmi2, Ibnu Fatkhu Royana31. Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Physical Education, Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2. Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Physical Education, Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID3. Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Physical Education, Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2026-08-31|page 233-247AbstractBackground: Teaching rhythmic activities in physical education continues to face challenges due to the limited availability of visual learning aids that demonstrate movements systematically, repeatedly, and accessibly.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate Aero’Zen, a web-based interactive flashcard tool integrating movement illustrations, QR codes, and demonstration videos for basic low-impact rhythmic activities.
Methods: This research and development study employed the ADDIE model. Following product development and expert validation, learning outcomes were evaluated using a one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design involving 30 tenth-grade students at SMK Negeri 2 Semarang. Product feasibility was assessed by media experts, subject matter experts, and a physical education practitioner. Pretest and posttest scores were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality and paired-samples t-tests, with the significance level set at α = .05.
Results: Aero’Zen was rated highly suitable by media experts (95.75%), subject matter experts (94.50%), and a physical education practitioner (88.75%). Mean scores increased from 75.40 to 89.97 in the cognitive domain, from 28.80 to 32.77 in the affective domain, and from 19.87 to 32.00 in the psychomotor domain. Paired-samples t-tests revealed significant differences between pretest and posttest scores across all three domains (all p < .001).
Conclusions: Aero’Zen is a highly suitable web-based learning medium with the potential to support students’ cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning outcomes, including movement coordination and performance, in low-impact rhythmic activities. Its integrated flashcards, QR-code access, and demonstration videos provide a flexible resource for repeated and independent learning. Future studies should use randomized controlled trials with larger and more diverse samples to strengthen causal inference and generalizability.
APA Citation StyleUlya, Z. N. , Fahmi, D. A. , & Royana, I. F. (2026). Development and evaluation of a web-based interactive flashcard tool (Aero’Zen) for low-impact rhythmic activity instruction in physical education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 233-247. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i2.761 -
Survey on the Effectiveness of the Online Learning Process Due to the Coronavirus Pandemic in Physical Education
Indung Pranata1, Ari Wibowo Kurniawan21. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID2022-03-31|page 51-62AbstractBackground: Since the outbreak of the coronavirus covid-19 in Indonesia, education has offered online learning. Online learning requires system support, namely hardware (smartphone, tablet, or laptop/personal computer), internet network, and human resources. However, the implementation of online learning encounters several challenges and obstacles, especially online learning in physical education in elementary schools.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine and examine the effectiveness of the online learning process due to the coronavirus pandemic in Physical Education and Health subjects at SD Negeri 6 Sumbermanjingkulon, Pagak District, Malang Regency.
Methods: This study used a descriptive research design with a survey method. This study involved 48 elementary school students. The data collected through a questionnaire method or a google form-based questionnaire that has been tested for validity by an expert. Data analysis was carried out on five indicators in the study. The indicators consist of student interest, interest, benefits, learning facilities and infrastructure, and quality of interaction.
Results: The results of the study indicate that the effectiveness of online learning at SD Negeri 6 Sumbermanjingkulon is in the criteria of being quite effective with a percentage of 46.90%.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it shows that overall online learning in physical education and health subjects is quite effective, but the percentage obtained between quite effective and ineffective is only a slight difference.
APA Citation StylePranata, I. , & Kurniawan, A. W. (2022). Survey on the Effectiveness of the Online Learning Process Due to the Coronavirus Pandemic in Physical Education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 51-62. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v1i1.112 -
Weightlifting coaches' and athletes' understanding of injury prevention programs: a case study of Lumajang and Malang
Muhammad Izzan Atmagara1, Yulingga Nanda Hanief21. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID2025-09-21|page 222-235AbstractBackground: Weightlifting is a high-intensity sport with a high risk of injuries due to improper technique, insufficient warm-up, and excessive training loads.
Objectives: This study explores the understanding, strategies, and barriers of weightlifting coaches and athletes in Lumajang District and Malang City related to implementing injury prevention programs in performance sports.
Methods: This study used a qualitative case study approach. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, consisting of weightlifting coaches with at least one year of experience and athletes who had trained and competed at the regional level. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis, while data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, including reduction, presentation, and conclusion.
Results: The results showed that coaches and athletes emphasized dynamic warm-ups, core and back strengthening exercises, and correct lifting techniques as the main strategies to prevent injuries. However, limitations in facilities, literature access, and training variety were identified as barriers to implementing optimal injury prevention programs.
Conclusions: This study concludes that effective injury prevention in weightlifting requires structured warm-up routines, individualized training programs, and adequate supporting equipment. Strengthening coaches’ knowledge and providing better facilities are crucial to minimize injuries and enhance athlete performance.APA Citation StyleAtmagara, M. I. , & Hanief, Y. N. (2025). Weightlifting coaches' and athletes' understanding of injury prevention programs: a case study of Lumajang and Malang. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 222-235. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.601 -
The effect of game-based learning variations on elementary school students’ straddle jump gymnastics skills
Fadhilah Nurwahid1, Rizal Ahmad Fauzi2, Adang Sudrazat31. Indonesian University of Education , ID2. Indonesian University of Education , ID3. Indonesian University of Education , ID2026-04-01|page 57-67AbstractBackground: Physical education in primary schools is essential for the development of students' motor skills, including gymnastic abilities such as the straddle leap. In fact, numerous students continue to struggle to execute these movements accurately because of repetitive teaching approaches that fail to engage them actively. Consequently, a more stimulating and diverse educational methodology, including game-based activities, is required.
Objectives: This study examines the impact of fluctuations in game-based learning on the enhancement of straddle jump gymnastics skills among primary school students.
Methods: This research employed a quantitative methodology using a pre-experimental framework, namely the One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The study population comprised all 40 fourth-grade students at Citungku Elementary School, who were sampled using a total sampling technique. Data were gathered via a practical examination of straddle jump movement proficiency, adhering to the Australian Gymnastic Federation's evaluation criteria, which encompass four components: the initiation, propulsion, suspended posture, and landing. The intervention lasted four weeks and included eight sessions featuring activities such as frog leaps, mirror jumps, rope jumping, and hopscotch, all aimed at training the elements of the straddle jump. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test and paired-samples t-test were conducted in SPSS version 27 for data analysis.
Results: The study found an improvement in students' capabilities following the implementation of game-based learning modifications. The mean pretest score of 58.00 rose to 74.76 in the posttest. The paired-samples t-test yielded a t value of -9.894 and a p-value of 0.001 (< 0.05), indicating a significant difference between pre- and post-treatment outcomes. This demonstrates that the executed game activities facilitated improvements in students' motor coordination, push-off strength, body control during floating, and landing methods during the straddle jump movement.
Conclusions: Variations of game-based learning, including frog jumping, mirror jumping, rope jumping, and hopscotch, have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing straddle jumping gymnastics skills among elementary school students while fostering a more dynamic and pleasurable physical learning experience.
APA Citation StyleNurwahid, F. , Fauzi, R. A. , & Sudrazat, A. (2026). The effect of game-based learning variations on elementary school students’ straddle jump gymnastics skills. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 57-67. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.705 -
Improving martial arts education through gamified learning: The case of Pencak Silat with Quizizz
M. Gusti Ariadi1, Wahyu Indra Bayu2, Soleh Solahuddin31. Sriwijaya University , ID2. Sriwijaya University , ID3. Sriwijaya University , ID2025-08-09|page 186-194AbstractBackground: The use of digital media in learning is an innovative effort to improve the quality of the teaching and learning process, including in physical education, particularly in the subject of Pencak Silat
Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of using the Quizizz application on the learning outcomes of Pencak Silat among students at Public Senior High School 1 Indralaya Selatan.
Methods: This research was conducted using a quantitative approach. The design used is a one-group pretest-posttest design. In this design, students are given a pretest before treatment, followed by a learning treatment using Quizizz media. After the treatment is completed, a posttest is administered. The population in this study consists of all 11th-grade students at Senior High School 1 Indralaya Selatan, totaling 149 students. From that population, a simple random sample of 30 students will be taken to serve as the research sample. The research instruments include a cognitive test in the form of multiple-choice questions and a psychomotor test in the form of basic pencak silat technique practice. Then the data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test to ensure data distribution, followed by a paired sample t-test using IBM SPSS Statistics version 30.0.0.0 (172) software.
Results: The analysis shows a significant increase in pretest to posttest scores, both in cognitive aspects (from an average of 37.87 to 58.83) and psychomotor aspects (from an average of 5.43 to 8.70). In the paired sample t-test, the significance value showed <0.001, indicating a significant effect of Quizizz media on students' learning outcomes.
Conclusions: This research concludes that the Quizizz application effectively enhances the understanding of concepts and fundamental movement skills of pencak silat in a fun and interactive way.
APA Citation StyleAriadi, M. G. , Bayu, W. I. , & Solahuddin, S. (2025). Improving martial arts education through gamified learning: The case of Pencak Silat with Quizizz. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 186-194. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.579 -
The combination of plyometric and ladder drills can improve acceleration and footwork skills in badminton players
Muhammad Labib Siena Ar Rasyid1, Oce Wiriawan2, Afif Rusdiawan3, Laily Mita Andriana4, Enarnimas Dwi Ratna Damayanti51. Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID2. Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID3. Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID4. Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID5. Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID2026-03-08|page 28-39AbstractBackground: Recognized globally as the fastest racket sport in the world, badminton demands exceptional acceleration and footwork skills for competitive success. However, many intermediate players often struggle to produce the explosive power needed for fast-paced rallies. To enhance these physical attributes, targeted training interventions, such as a hybrid regimen of plyometric and ladder drills, are often required.
Objectives: This study aims to analyze the efficacy of integrating plyometric exercises with ladder drills in enhancing acceleration and footwork proficiency among badminton players.
Methods: This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group. Through purposive sampling, 24 male participants (aged 14-16 years) with at least 2 years of training experience, good health, and no history of recent injuries were selected. They were assigned to either the PLD Group (age: 15.00 ± 0.74 years; height: 162.00 ± 0.07 cm; weight: 50.58 ± 5.68 kg; BMI: 19.20 ± 0.88 kg/m²) or the CV Group (age: 15.00 ± 0.85 years; height: 162.08 ± 0.08 cm; weight: 51.75 ± 8.05 kg; BMI: 19.59 ± 1.56 kg/m²). The intervention spanned six weeks, with three sessions per week. Performance in acceleration was assessed using a 10-meter sprint, and footwork skills were assessed using the footwork skills test (Tohar version) pre- and post-intervention. Data analysis employed the Wilcoxon signed-rank and the Mann-Whitney tests.
Results: The Wilcoxon analysis indicated that both the PLD and CV Groups achieved improvements in acceleration and footwork skills (p<0.05). However, the Mann-Whitney test revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups, with the PLD Group demonstrating superior gains in both acceleration (p<0.05) and footwork skills (p<0.05) compared to the CV Group.
Conclusions: Integrating plyometric training and ladder drills is an effective strategy for significantly improving acceleration and footwork skills in badminton players.
APA Citation StyleRasyid, M. L. S. A. , Wiriawan, O. , Rusdiawan, A. , Andriana, L. M. , & Damayanti, E. D. R. (2026). The combination of plyometric and ladder drills can improve acceleration and footwork skills in badminton players. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 28-39. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.669 -
Fun game–based learning improves gross motor skills in early primary school children
Ahmad Muttaqin Darussalam1, Sugiharto Sugiharto2, Sapto Adi31. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID2025-11-23|page 236-249AbstractBackground: Children who face difficulties in gross motor skill development may withdraw from physical activities, experience low self-esteem, and suffer from social anxiety. Physical education plays a vital role in fostering gross motor development, especially when delivered through enjoyable and engaging activities such as fun games.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of fun game–based learning on the development of gross motor skills in early primary school children.
Methods: The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group. A total of 36 second-grade students from SDIT Mutiara Hati in Malang participated in this study. Participants were assigned to one of three groups: a control group, a group-based fun games intervention, and an individual-based fun games intervention. The interventions were implemented three times a week for 30 minutes over a period of seven weeks. Gross motor skills were measured before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development–Third Edition (TGMD-3), a reliable and validated instrument. Data were analyzed using homogeneity and normality tests, paired-sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD post hoc tests, with a significance level set at p < 0.05 (SPSS version 25).
Results: Both the individual and group fun game–based learning interventions produced significant improvements in gross motor skills compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant difference was found between the two intervention types, indicating that the mode of fun game delivery influences outcomes (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Fun game–based learning, whether delivered individually or in groups, effectively enhances gross motor skills among early primary school children. Additionally, individual fun game–based learning demonstrated a significantly greater improvement compared to group-based learning.APA Citation StyleDarussalam, A. M. , Sugiharto, S. , & Adi, S. (2025). Fun game–based learning improves gross motor skills in early primary school children. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 236-249. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.613 -
An analysis of anxiety levels among volleyball athletes during a provincial inter-club tournament in Jakarta, Indonesia
Rea Rizkita Raga1, Yunita Lasma21. Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi , ID2. Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi , ID2025-07-27|page 175-185AbstractBackground: Competitive anxiety is a key psychological factor that can significantly affect an athlete's performance. In volleyball, high-pressure situations often lead to anxiety, potentially hindering players' ability to perform optimally.
Objectives: This study aims to assess the levels of anxiety experienced by volleyball athletes competing in the Special Capital Region Jakarta Inter-Club Provincial Championship.
Methods: A descriptive quantitative design was used, with data collected through a survey involving 70 volleyball athletes. The instrument used was a 35-item anxiety questionnaire categorized into two phases: before the match (18 items) and during the match (17 items). Responses were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. Validity testing confirmed all items were valid, and the instrument showed high reliability (α = 0.954), as analyzed using SPSS 23.
Results: During the match, 35.7% of athletes experienced high anxiety, while 64.3% showed low anxiety. Prior to the match, 44.3% reported high anxiety and 55.7% reported low anxiety. Overall, 36.6% of athletes showed high anxiety levels, while 61.4% displayed low levels. These results indicate that most athletes have relatively good emotional regulation abilities in competitive situations.
Conclusions: The study underscores the critical role of psychological readiness in athletic performance. Coaches and policymakers are encouraged to integrate structured mental training programs into athlete development. Future research should explore variables contributing to anxiety, such as playing position, competitive experience, and demographic factors like age and gender.
APA Citation StyleRaga, R. R. , & Lasma, Y. (2025). An analysis of anxiety levels among volleyball athletes during a provincial inter-club tournament in Jakarta, Indonesia. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 175-185. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.605 -
Improving physical self-perception and health-related fitness through gamification in physical education: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Ferdinando Cereda11. The Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan , IT2026-03-08|page 7-27AbstractBackground: The global decline in adolescent physical activity necessitates pedagogical innovation to counter disengagement. Traditional norm-referenced physical education (PE) often alienates less skilled students, whereas gamification offers a promising criterion-referenced strategy to enhance motivation and learning.
Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of a 12-week gamified didactic intervention on perceived physical self-concept, health-related fitness, and physical activity enjoyment among high school students.
Methods: A two-arm, parallel-group, cluster randomized controlled trial (Cluster-RCT) was conducted with 210 Italian adolescents (mean age 15.4 ± 0.9 years) nested within 10 intact classes (average cluster size = 21). Intact classes were randomised to an experimental group (gamified ‘MoveQuest’ module, k = 5) or a control group (traditional direct instruction, k = 5). Data were collected using the Revised Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP-R-IT), the ALPHA-FIT test battery, and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Following a per-protocol analytical approach, Linear mixed models (LMMs) were employed to analyse the data, accounting for the nested structure of the educational setting and handling cluster-level variance intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Significance levels were interpreted considering the multiplicity of outcomes.
Results: Significant group × time interactions were observed, with the gamified group demonstrating superior improvements in sports competence (d = 0.65), physical self-worth (d = 0.58), and enjoyment (d = 0.82) compared to the control group. Physiologically, the experimental group showed significantly greater gains in cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O₂ max) and agility, while body attractiveness remained stable in both groups.
Conclusions: Gamified didactics significantly enhance psychological engagement and specific motor performance parameters by prioritising individual progress over social comparison. This approach represents a valuable pedagogical tool for fostering physical literacy in secondary PE.APA Citation StyleCereda, F. (2026). Improving physical self-perception and health-related fitness through gamification in physical education: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 7-27. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.677 -
Immunity to rhythm: Visual or auditory stimuli during intense aerobic exertion do not modulate the mood of young adults
Flavio de Souza Araujo1, Camila Maria Menezes Almeida2, Mariana Ferreira de Souza3, Marcelo Magalhães Sales4, José Fernando Vila Nova de Moraes51. Federal University of Vale do São Francisco , BR2. Federal University of Vale do São Francisco , BR3. Federal University of Vale do São Francisco , BR4. State University of Goiás , BR5. Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF) , BR2026-04-26|page 160-171AbstractBackground: High-intensity aerobic exercise can promote higher energy expenditure when compared to low and moderate-intensity exercise. However, vigorous exercise can negatively influence mood responses related to adherence. Auditory and audiovisual resources have been used to improve psychological variables during and after exercise.
Objectives: To analyze the influence of listening to music and watching video clips on mood responses of young adults after a high-intensity aerobic exercise session.
Methods: This is a Cross-Sectional Randomized Controlled Study in which fourteen male participants (23.4 ± 3.1 years; 26.2 ± 3.4 kg/m²) randomly performed exercise sessions on a cyclergometer, at an intensity of 10% above anaerobic threshold, in three situations: control (C), listening to music (M), and watching video clips (VC). At the end of each session, participants underwent 30 min of passive recovery. Mood responses were measured using Brunel’s Mood Scale (BRUMS) before exercise, immediately after exercise, and after recovery. Friedman’s and Wilcoxon’s tests were used, with a significance level of 5%.
Results: No statistical differences were found between conditions (C, C, and VC) for the dimensions confusion, fatigue, anger, tension, and vigor (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference was found for depression before exercise, with M higher than C and VC (p<0.05); however, no differences were observed after exercise or recovery.
Conclusions: Listening to music and/or watching video clips does not influence mood responses in young adults after high-intensity aerobic exercise on a cyclergometer.
APA Citation StyleAraujo, F. D. S. , Almeida, C. M. M. , Souza, M. F. D. , Sales, M. M. , & Moraes, J. F. V. N. D. (2026). Immunity to rhythm: Visual or auditory stimuli during intense aerobic exertion do not modulate the mood of young adults. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 160-171. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.702
