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Mental Toughness and Adaptability in Game Matches Towards Resiliency of Sepaktakraw Athletes
Angelica Araja Orlanes1, Ashlirey Mercado Fernandez2, John Angelo Enciso Panganiban3, Teejay Dela Cueva Panganiban41. Batangas State University TNEU JPLPC-Malvar , PH2. Batangas State University TNEU JPLPC-Malvar , PH3. Batangas State University TNEU JPLPC-Malvar , PH4. Batangas State University TNEU JPLPC-Malvar , PH2024-10-31|page 155-168AbstractBackground: This study investigates how mental toughness and adaptability in game matches contribute to the resiliency of Sepaktakraw athletes in the field of competitive challenges.
Objectives: This study explored the impact of mental toughness and adaptability on the resilience of Sepaktakraw athletes facing competitive challenges.
Methods: Conducted during the 2023-2024 academic year, the research involved 60 male athletes aged 18-22 from Batangas State University, each with 4-8 years of experience in the sport. Using a descriptive-correlational approach, the study assessed athletes’ perceptions of mental toughness and resilience through the 4C’s Psychological framework—Challenge, Commitment, Control, and Confidence.
Results: Findings highlighted the role of mental toughness and adaptability in strengthening athletes’ resilience. Consequently, the study proposed tailored training activities focused on enhancing these traits in gameplay. Presented in tabular form, each activity includes specific objectives designed to help athletes develop coping mechanisms for setbacks, maintain focus, and improve mental toughness.
Conclusion: By engaging in these targeted training exercises, teamwork, and community interactions, athletes are expected to build the resilience needed to overcome competitive challenges and achieve success in Sepaktakraw.
APA Citation StyleOrlanes, A. A. , Fernandez, A. M. , Panganiban, J. A. E. , & Panganiban, T. D. C. (2024). Mental Toughness and Adaptability in Game Matches Towards Resiliency of Sepaktakraw Athletes. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 155-168. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i2.372 -
The relationship between arm length and body mass index (BMI) with turbo-throwing performance in elementary school students
Awaliyah Riskyta Putri1, Siti Nurrochmah21. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID2025-07-01|page 115-124AbstractBackground: This research is motivated by insufficient scientific research that specifically examines the relationship between arm length and Body Mass Index (BMI) on turbo throwing performance in elementary school students, especially in preparation for the National Student Sports Olympics (O2SN).
Objectives: This study examines the relationship between arm length and BMI and the turbo-throwing performance of sixth-grade students of State Elementary School Bunulrejo 1 Malang in preparation for the National Student Sports Olympics (O2SN) in 2025.
Methods: The method used is a quantitative descriptive design with a correlational study. The study population comprised 71 male students, with a sample of 45 male students. The research instrument was a turbo-throwing basic motion performance test, arm length measurement, and Body Mass Index (BMI) measurement. The analysis technique uses inferential statistics in the form of multiple correlation analysis, which is complemented by multiple regression analysis.
Results: The results were obtained using inferential statistics through multiple correlation analysis. The results of the multiple correlation test obtained a coefficient value = 0.723 and Sig. P = 0.001 < a = 0.05, and the contribution of the variable effectiveness of arm's length to turbo-throwing performance is 46.3%, while BMI is 5.9%, so the variables arm length and BMI provide an effective contribution of 52.2%.
Conclusions: Arm length and BMI significantly influence turbo-throwing performance. Arm length is the most dominant factor. These results can be a reference for teachers and coaches when selecting O2SNs and coaching athletes at the basic education level. Future researchers are expected to examine other variables that have not been studied to provide a more comprehensive picture of turbo-throwing performance.
APA Citation StylePutri, A. R. , & Nurrochmah, S. (2025). The relationship between arm length and body mass index (BMI) with turbo-throwing performance in elementary school students. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 115-124. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.563 -
Performance determinants in tropical trail running: Race result analysis of the 5K and 10K Merapi Merbabu de Trail 2025
Siti Baitul Mukarromah1, Sugiarto Sugiarto2, Gustiana Mega Anggita3, Sri Agus Budi Santoso4, Sangheon Park5, Ambar Dwi Erawati6, Rikha Liemiyah7, Aziiz Mardanarian Rosdianto8, Ronny Lesmana9, Faisyal Syofian101. State University of Semarang , ID2. State University of Semarang , ID3. State University of Semarang , ID4. Tarra Adventure, Boyolali Regency, Central Java Province , ID5. Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul , KR6. Widya Husada Semarang University , ID7. Universitas Dian Nuswantoro , ID8. Universitas Padjajaran , ID9. Universitas Padjajaran , ID10. Sultan Agung Islamic University , ID2026-04-03|page 82-92AbstractBackground: The limited research on the determinants of performance in short-distance trail running in tropical environments is a major problem in understanding the influence of environmental conditions on runners' performance and pacing strategies.
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the influence of race distance, sex, and age on trail running performance in the 5K and 10K categories of the Merapi Merbabu de Trail 2025.
Methods: A retrospective observational race result analysis was conducted using official race data from the Merapi Merbabu de Trail 2025. The study included 429 runners (5K: n = 144; 10K: n = 285), consisting of 275 male and 154 female participants. The primary outcome variable was finish time (in minutes), while the independent variables included race, distance, sex, and age. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26, including descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, Cohen’s d effect sizes, and multiple linear regression to evaluate predictors of performance.
Results: Results showed a significant difference in performance between race distances. The mean finish time for the 5K category was 152.8 ± 44.3 minutes, while the 10K category averaged 306.1 ± 74.3 minutes (t = -26.68, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 2.50). Male runners completed the 10K race faster than female runners (293 vs. 345 minutes). Regression analysis indicated that finish time increased by approximately 2–3 minutes per year of age, indicating a progressive decline in performance with increasing age.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that race distance, sex, and age are significant determinants of trail running performance in tropical environments.APA Citation StyleMukarromah, S. B. , Sugiarto, S. , Anggita, G. M. , Santoso, S. A. B. , Park, S. , Erawati, A. D. , Liemiyah, R. , Rosdianto, A. M. , Lesmana, R. , & Syofian, F. (2026). Performance determinants in tropical trail running: Race result analysis of the 5K and 10K Merapi Merbabu de Trail 2025. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 82-92. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.699 -
Impact of five-cone and ladder drill training on agility among U15 football athletes
Pupuh Harya Prembanyu1, Agus Wiyanto2, Setiyawan Setiyawan31. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID3. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2025-11-26|page 266-274AbstractBackground: Although it may seem simple, soccer has complex characteristics, which is why many children are attracted to training at soccer schools. Agility is a crucial aspect of the game, as it enables a player to move quickly, evade opponents, and control the ball effectively. At the Pemalang Regency Bina Talenta Soccer School (SSB), agility training is not conducted optimally and has not been implemented systematically with effective methods. Therefore, exercises such as the five-cone and ladder drills need to be implemented to improve player agility more effectively.
Objectives: This study aims to examine the impact of five-cone and ladder drill training on the agility of U15 football athletes.
Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a quasi-experimental approach. The experimental design was a pretest-posttest in two groups. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with 20 players participating in a four-week training program. The instrument to measure agility was the Illinois Agility Test, with a validity level of r = 0.87. The measurement data were analyzed using a difference test with the help of SPSS software version 29.0.
Results: The five-cone drill and the ladder drill had a significant effect on agility, as both exercises had a significance value of <0.05. The five-cone drill was more effective than the ladder drill. This was due to the difference in scores between the five-cone drill, which increased by 1.04, and the ladder drill, which increased by 0.84.
Conclusions: Both training methods are effective in improving agility and can be integrated into school-based football training programs. Furthermore, the results of implementing these methods can enhance player performance and provide a valuable source of new knowledge for future researchers on agility in SSB players.
APA Citation StylePrembanyu, P. H. , Wiyanto, A. , & Setiyawan, S. (2025). Impact of five-cone and ladder drill training on agility among U15 football athletes. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 266-274. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.633 -
The effect of peer teaching and think pair share on rhythmic gymnastics learning outcomes
Muhammad Lutfi Hasan1, Ibnu Fatkhu Royana2, Utvi Hinda Zhannisa31. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID3. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2025-08-14|page 195-203AbstractBackground: Rhythmic gymnastics plays a vital role in developing students' motor skills, coordination, and rhythm, yet many still face challenges in mastering movement concepts.
Objectives: This study compared the effectiveness of Peer Teaching and Think Pair Share (TPS) cooperative learning models in improving rhythmic gymnastics learning outcomes.
Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest–posttest was conducted on 68 eighth-grade students (male and female) at State Junior High School 4 Semarang, divided into Peer Teaching (n=34) and TPS (n=34) groups. Learning outcomes were assessed using a validated rhythmic gymnastics performance test, and data were analyzed descriptively with gain score calculation.
Results: The TPS group achieved a greater improvement in posttest scores (from 67.21 to 79.59; +18.41%) compared to the Peer Teaching group (from 79.18 to 79.85; +0.85%). These results indicate that TPS enhances students' understanding, coordination, and engagement in rhythmic gymnastics learning.
Conclusions: TPS is recommended for physical education teachers to improve performance, particularly for students with lower initial skills. Further studies should explore its long-term effects and retention.
APA Citation StyleHasan, M. L. , Royana, I. F. , & Zhannisa, U. H. (2025). The effect of peer teaching and think pair share on rhythmic gymnastics learning outcomes. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 195-203. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.619 -
Teaching personal and social responsibility: An analysis of TPSR-based behaviors in physical education
Rama Adha Septiana1, Tite Juliantine21. Indonesia University of Education , ID2. Indonesia University of Education , ID2025-12-30|page 332-343AbstractBackground: The rapid growth of online gaming among students has raised concerns regarding behavioral regulation, responsibility, and social interaction in educational contexts.
Objectives: This study aims to systematically review empirical research on the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model and student behavioral outcomes, and to explore its potential implications for online gaming and digital behavior contexts.
Methods: A literature review was conducted using SAGE Journals and Taylor & Francis Online databases, selected due to their strong coverage of peer-reviewed research relevant to physical education and pedagogy. The search covered publications from 2014 to 2024 using the keywords “TPSR” AND “student” AND “behavior” AND (“online game” OR “gaming”). Inclusion criteria were: (1) peer-reviewed international journal articles, (2) empirical or review studies addressing TPSR and student behavior, (3) student populations, and (4) publication within the last ten years. Articles that did not explicitly address TPSR-based behavioral outcomes were excluded. From 43 initial records, 4 articles met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized using narrative synthesis.
Results: The included studies primarily focused on TPSR implementation in physical education contexts, emphasizing behavioral responsibility, psychosocial mechanisms, and pedagogical approaches. Of the four studies, two employed quasi-experimental designs, one used survey methods, and one adopted a literature review approach. Overall, the findings indicate that TPSR-based learning is associated with improvements in personal and social responsibility, positive behavior regulation, and supportive learning climates, although direct evidence linking TPSR to online gaming behavior remains limited.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that TPSR offers a promising pedagogical framework for fostering responsible behavior and social regulation among students in the digital era.APA Citation StyleSeptiana, R. A. , & Juliantine, T. (2025). Teaching personal and social responsibility: An analysis of TPSR-based behaviors in physical education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 332-343. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.647 -
Associations between physical activity intensity and motor balance in elementary school students: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study
Fahrurrohman Firdaus1, Indra Safari2, Rizal Ahmad Fauzi31. Indonesian University of Education , ID2. Indonesian University of Education , ID3. Indonesian University of Education , ID2026-04-01|page 47-56AbstractBackground: Children in primary school are becoming more sedentary due to advances in digital technology, which may reduce their physical activity levels. The development of motor skills, especially balance, which is an essential feature of children's motor abilities, can be impacted by a lack of physical activity.
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity intensity and motor balance in elementary school students.
Methods: This study used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. The quantitative phase involved 50 students selected using saturated sampling, while the qualitative phase involved teachers and students selected purposively. Physical activity intensity was measured using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), while motor balance was assessed using the Balance Beam Test. Quantitative data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation, and qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis in NVivo.
Results: With a correlation coefficient of r = 0.687 and p < 0.05, the analysis demonstrated a strong, substantial positive link between motor balance levels and physical activity intensity. The intensity of physical activity accounted for 47.2% of motor balance. Qualitative research revealed that students with high levels of physical activity were more likely to engage in active play, such as running outside, cycling, and soccer, which, in turn, indirectly improve balance and postural stability.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that physical activity intensity plays an important role in the development of motor balance among elementary school students. These findings highlight the importance of integrating active movement-based learning strategies in physical education programs.
APA Citation StyleFirdaus, F. , Safari, I. , & Fauzi, R. A. (2026). Associations between physical activity intensity and motor balance in elementary school students: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 47-56. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.706 -
Promoting gender responsiveness in teaching physical education
Ryan Cazel Lalog11. Batangas State University , PH2025-04-04|page 1-14AbstractBackground: Implementing gender policies in physical education at Batangas State University remains moderate, with challenges in ensuring gender-responsive and equitable activities for male and female students. Issues such as students' self-confidence, self-perception, and limited gender mainstreaming strategies and resources hinder the development of a more inclusive learning environment.
Objectives: This study examined gender policy implementation, the use of strategies and resources in various physical education activities, differences in male and female instructors' assessments, challenges in gender mainstreaming, and the development of gender-responsive activities.
Methods: A descriptive research method was used, collecting data from 105 university physical education instructors (77 males, 28 females) through a researcher-made survey questionnaire.
Results: Findings revealed that gender policies were moderately implemented (mean score: 3.47), while both male (3.67) and female (3.63) instructors highly utilized strategies and resources in physical fitness, rhythmic activities, individual and dual sports, and team sports. No significant differences were observed in male and female educators' assessments, indicating shared perspectives on gender mainstreaming.
Conclusions: The study emphasizes the need for more vigorous policy enforcement and improvements in sports-related content to enhance gender inclusivity. Addressing self-confidence, self-perception, and individual differences is crucial for fostering equitable learning experiences. Universities should provide continuous professional development for PE instructors on gender-sensitive teaching strategies. Future research should explore the long-term impact of gender-responsive approaches on student engagement, performance, and overall well-being in physical education.
APA Citation StyleLalog, R. C. (2025). Promoting gender responsiveness in teaching physical education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.392 -
Development and evaluation of an Android-based multimedia application to promote healthy lifestyles in physical education: A study at State Junior High School 29 Semarang
Galang Yusuf Pujiyanto1, Ibnu Fatkhu Royana2, Muh. Isna Nurdin Wibisana31. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID3. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2025-07-23|page 162-174AbstractBackground: The integration of interactive, technology-based media in Physical Education, particularly for teaching health-related content, remains limited despite its potential to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes.
Objectives: This study aims to address this gap by developing and evaluating the effectiveness of an Android-based multimedia learning application, "Healthy Habits," designed to support the delivery of healthy lifestyle materials in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (Physical Education) subjects at the junior high school level.
Methods: The research employed a research and development (R&D) approach, involving expert validation from media and content specialists and usability trials with teachers and students.
Results: Validation results indicated a "Good" rating from the material expert (average score: 4.05) and a "Very Good" rating from the media expert (average score: 4.24), confirming the application's content quality and technical feasibility. Teacher evaluations also yielded a "Good" rating (average score: 4.07). Student trials produced positive responses, with small group testing receiving a "Very Good" rating (average score: 3.29), which increased to 4.23 ("Very Good") in large group testing. An effectiveness test assessing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning outcomes showed an average score of 85.6%, categorized as "Very Good." These findings demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of "Healthy Habits" as a digital learning tool for promoting healthy lifestyles in secondary school students.
Conclusions: The application offers practical value for educators and curriculum developers seeking to integrate mobile technology into Physical Education. Future studies are encouraged to explore the implementation of this application in varied educational contexts and its potential integration across other subject areas.
APA Citation StylePujiyanto, G. Y. , Royana, I. F. , & Wibisana, M. I. N. (2025). Development and evaluation of an Android-based multimedia application to promote healthy lifestyles in physical education: A study at State Junior High School 29 Semarang. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 162-174. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.607
