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First Aid Skills of Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers at Batangas State University
Davidsol Mendoza1, Mauricio Atienza Junior2, Kyla Marie Torino Maralit3, Chino Randel Odello41. Batangas State University-Pablo Borbon , PH2. Batangas State University , PH3. Batangas State University , PH4. Batangas State University , PH2023-10-31|page 83-99AbstractBackground: The researchers believe acquiring knowledge and first aid skills can improve the instruction of Physical Education. Thus, no matter how proactive a teacher can be, there will be possibilities that an unnecessary situation may occur because it is movement education.
Objectives: The study aimed to determine the first aid skills of pre-service physical education teachers at Batangas State University. Specifically, the study determined the respondents' extent of manifestation of competencies in providing first aid skill components as assessed by the instructors and students, along with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, management of bleeding, and fracture. The study also compares the responses of the two groups of respondents. The issues and challenges in developing first aid skills were also ascertained to propose training activities to intensify students' skills and competencies.
Methods: This study used descriptive research and a researcher-made questionnaire to gather data from 186 participants, including 159 physical education students and 27 teachers from Batangas State University during the 2021-2022 academic year.
Results: The study found that students had moderate competency in applying CPR, recognizing victim situations, and performing two rescue breaths correctly. Similarly, students had moderate competency in managing bleeding and identifying fracture types. However, the two groups of respondents had no significant difference in competency. The biggest challenge identified by students was the need for more training and workshops related to first aid, while linguistic barriers and inconsistent training were less significant challenges.
Conclusion: The findings show that Bachelor of Physical Education students greatly manifest first aid skills in CPR, managing bleeding, and treating fractures but need improvements in specific competencies. There was no significant difference in the assessment between the two groups of respondents. However, attendance to training and workshops was the primary issue and challenge in developing the first aid skills of BPEd students.
APA Citation StyleMendoza, D. , Junior, M. A. , Maralit, K. M. T. , & Odello, C. R. (2023). First Aid Skills of Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers at Batangas State University. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 83-99. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v2i2.208 -
Maximizing the Use of Google Sites in Delivering Instruction in Physical Education Classes
Carla Jobelle Culajara11. Sta. Catalina National High School, Department of Education , PH2022-07-08|page 79-90AbstractBackground: Being inventive and creative in offering effective and efficient teaching and learning processes is one of the priorities of any teacher, especially Physical Education teachers, as the delivery of instruction to students evolves. With these, this study proves and illuminates the usefulness of Google sites in delivering physical education teaching.
Objectives: This research aims to determine the effects of Google sites as a medium for delivering Physical Education on the learning outcomes of Grade 10 students in one of the secondary schools in the Philippines. Its specific aims were to: (1) determine the impact of Google sites on availability, functionality, and goals, and (2) establish an enhancement program based on the study's findings.
Methods: The study utilized a quantitative research design with descriptive approach accompany with survey questionnaire. The purposive sampling was utilized to 106 students from secondary schools in the Philippines.
Results: As the findings of the study geared toward its effectiveness in terms of functionality, availability and learning experience, it shows that most of the lessons delivered and maximizing Google sites as a tool in delivering instruction were appreciated by the students where students were mostly “Strongly Agree” with the responses. With this tool in delivering instruction, it shows light that students can easily understand the lesson in learning and doing tasks using Google sites.
Conclusion: This study sheds light on the effective and efficient use of Google sites in delivering instruction in PE classes particularly offers a safe learning virtual environment, accessibility to the learning materials and learned using their own time and autonomy in learning. Using Google Sites to the fullest extent possible in Physical Education classes.
APA Citation StyleCulajara, C. J. (2022). Maximizing the Use of Google Sites in Delivering Instruction in Physical Education Classes. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 79-90. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v1i2.115 -
Capabilities in Physical Education: A Comparative Analysis of School Heads’ and Teachers’ Perspectives
Davidsol Mendoza1, Maryjane Calabia21. Batangas State University , PH2. Padre Garcia Integrated National High School , PH2024-04-29|page 26-45AbstractBackground: Effective education delivery relies on PE teachers’ abilities. Research indicates that students’ school performance significantly depends on the quality of PE teaching.
Objectives: This study focused on assessing instructional capabilities in physical education. Specifically, it examined how school heads and teachers evaluated teachers’ abilities in content knowledge, pedagogical skills, communication, and professionalism. Additionally, the study compared assessments between the two groups.
Methods: The study employed a descriptive research design involving 98 physical education teachers and 59 school heads from the Division of Batangas City. Data collection utilized a researcher-made questionnaire and interviews. Statistical analysis involved weighted mean and independent t-tests for data interpretation.
Results: The assessment revealed valuable insights regarding PE teachers’ instructional capabilities. Administrators acknowledged strengths in lesson introduction and accurate content delivery. However, areas for improvement included integrating key elements and promoting higher-order thinking skills. PE teachers felt confident introducing lessons but recognized a need to refine performance demonstrations. Administrators praised diverse teaching methods but suggested creating more challenging experiences. Communication skills were positive, with room for improvement in grammatical accuracy. PE teachers expressed dedication to student physical education but identified a need for more decisive leadership in school-based activities. The findings highlighted specific improvement needs while emphasizing contrasting perceptions between administrators and PE teachers.
Conclusion: The assessment found that physical education (PE) teachers are capable in delivering junior high school PE. However, they need familiarity with emerging trends to enhance instruction. School heads and PE teachers have differing views on instructional capabilities, attributed to assessment sources: administrators rely on scheduled observations, while PE instructors use self-assessment and daily teaching experiences.
APA Citation StyleMendoza, D. , & Calabia, M. (2024). Capabilities in Physical Education: A Comparative Analysis of School Heads’ and Teachers’ Perspectives. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 26-45. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1.347 -
Coping Strategies of Students in the Online Teaching and Learning of Physical Education
Davidsol Mendoza11. Batangas State University , PH2023-04-20|page 10-25AbstractBackground: The emergence of Covid-19 pandemic has brought a lot of changes in the educational system of the country. As the new normal of teaching and learning arose, challenges did the same. There are the teachers and students who must adopt certain adjustments to cope up with the implications of online classroom just to acquire knowledge and reach the target learning without freezing the education.
Objectives: This study was conducted with the purpose of determining the problems encountered and the coping strategies of the students in the online teaching and learning of Physical Education.
Methods: This study is a descriptive quantitative type of research. Participants were 255 randomly selected students of PE 103-Individual and Dual Sports. In collection of data needed, the researchers utilized a survey questionnaire that contained questions about student’s experiences, students coping strategies, and problems encountered by the students in the online teaching teaching and learning of Physical Education.
Results: The results shows that most of the students strongly agreed with the instruction and assessment utilized by their PE instructors; in terms of students coping strategies, most of the students shows less interest in performing physical activities during online classes, and also most of the students engaged in listening to calming music to relax; and in terms of the problems that they have encountered, most of the students experienced problem with their online connections, and most of the students disagree that they have poor comprehensions during online classes.
Conclusion: It is concluded that within the experiences of students towards instruction, physical education instructors utilized digital platforms in discussing lessons and gave considerable time for the students to finish and submit all the assigned tasks. Students had engaged themselves in listening to calming music that helps them avoid stress during online learning but engaged less in doing an activity such as stretching for their physical health. Most of the students highly encountered difficulties towards internet connection during online individual and dual sports but they still have a high comprehension level.
APA Citation StyleMendoza, D. (2023). Coping Strategies of Students in the Online Teaching and Learning of Physical Education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 10-25. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v2i1.207 -
Medical observations and injury analysis: All Girls Touch Rugby Championship 2024
Mohamad Nizam Nazarudin1, Yong Qin Tan2, Ardo Okilanda3, Yovhandra Ockta4, Reshandi Nugraha51. National University of Malaysia , MY2. National University of Malaysia , MY3. State University of Padang , ID4. Universitas Teuku Umar , ID5. UniversitasPendidikan Indonesia , ID2025-04-04|page 32-45AbstractBackground: Touch rugby is a high-intensity, non-contact sport requiring agility, speed, and coordination. This study analyzes injury distribution, treatment effectiveness, and preventive measures among youth touch rugby players.
Objectives: This study examined injury patterns among adolescent female athletes during the 2024 All-Girls Touch Rugby Championship (AGTR 2024).
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using medical reports from the two-day All-Girls Touch Rugby Championship 2024 (AGTR 2024) at Universiti Putra Malaysia. The study examined 484 female athletes (ages 9–18 years), with 176 injuries recorded and categorized as soft tissue injuries (52.3%), abrasions (23.9%), and sprains (14.2%). Descriptive statistics were used to assess injury distribution, while chi-square analysis (χ² = 10.45, p < 0.01) evaluated the relationship between injury type and age group.
Results: Younger players (10–14 years) sustained more abrasions (60%), whereas older athletes (15–18 years) had a higher incidence of soft tissue injuries (68%). Injuries increased by 66.7% on Day 2, highlighting the impact of cumulative fatigue and tournament intensity. Ice therapy (68%) and bandaging (55%) were the most utilized treatments, with only 7% of cases requiring outpatient referrals.
Conclusions: Findings underscore the need for structured warm-ups, enhanced hydration protocols, and targeted strength training to reduce injury risks. The study emphasizes the role of injury surveillance, playing surface improvements, and gender-specific training programs in preventing injuries and enhancing athlete safety. Implementing evidence-based preventive strategies can promote the long-term development and sustainability of touch rugby for adolescent athletes. Future research should focus on longitudinal injury tracking and tailored intervention strategies.
APA Citation StyleNazarudin, M. N. , Tan, Y. Q. , Okilanda, A. , Ockta, Y. , & Nugraha, R. (2025). Medical observations and injury analysis: All Girls Touch Rugby Championship 2024. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 32-45. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.495 -
Exploratory machine-learning classification of student performance in physical education using fitness, engagement, and academic indicators
Princes Lloyda Peralta1, Shekiro Raposas2, Reinalyn Bucsit31. General Education Department, College of Inclusive Education, Lorma Colleges , PH2. College of Computer Studies and Engineering, Lorma Colleges , PH3. General Education Department, College of Inclusive Education, Lorma Colleges , PH2026-09-09|page 276-289AbstractBackground: Physical Education (PE) performance is multidimensional and may be associated with fitness, engagement, attendance, motivation, and prior achievement. Machine learning can identify classification patterns across these indicators, but predictive claims require clear temporal ordering and rigorous validation.
Objective: This study compared four machine-learning classifiers for categorizing student PE performance while minimizing target leakage and addressing class imbalance.
Methods: An exploratory, leakage-controlled classification analysis used a public Kaggle dataset of uncertain provenance. The dataset contained 500 records, 19 substantive variables, and one identifier, with Performance categorized as Low, Average, or High Performer. Because the label-construction rule was undocumented, Performance was treated as an inherited categorical outcome. Overall PE Performance Score, Improvement Rate, and Final Grade were excluded because they could contain current, change-based, or outcome-related information. Categorical predictors were one-hot encoded, numeric predictors were standardized, and preprocessing was performed within training folds. Random Forest, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, and Logistic Regression were evaluated using stratified five-fold cross-validation with class-weighted learning.
Results: Random Forest achieved the highest accuracy (0.856), whereas Logistic Regression achieved the highest balanced accuracy (0.749) and macro-F1 (0.645). Its out-of-fold recall was 0.759 for Low, 0.720 for Average, and 0.750 for High Performers, indicating that accuracy alone may inadequately reflect performance in an imbalanced multiclass setting.
Conclusion: Leakage-controlled, class-aware evaluation is essential in machine-learning classification of student performance. These findings are exploratory and should not be interpreted as validated prospective predictions. Future studies should use documented data, explicit temporal ordering, larger balanced samples, and independent external validation.
APA Citation StylePeralta, P. L. , Raposas, S. , & Bucsit, R. (2026). Exploratory machine-learning classification of student performance in physical education using fitness, engagement, and academic indicators. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 276-289. https://journal.rezkimedia.or.id/pes/article/view/790 -
Integrity in the age of AI: navigating authorship, accountability and ethical publishing
Yulingga Nanda Hanief11. State University of Malang , ID2026-04-03|page 106-112AbstractThe rapid emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the landscape of academic writing and scholarly publishing, offering both opportunities and ethical challenges. This editorial reflects on the growing implications of AI-assisted authorship, particularly regarding authorship, accountability, and research integrity. While AI tools can improve clarity and accessibility, their misuse raises concerns about the erosion of critical thinking and the reliability of scientific results.
A key issue highlighted in this discussion is the increasing incidence of false or unverifiable references generated through AI-assisted processes. These practices threaten the credibility of scholarly communication and increase the burden on editors and reviewers. In response, this editorial emphasizes the importance of responsible AI use, transparency in authorship, and rigorous source verification.
Furthermore, the article outlines the journal's commitment to maintaining high standards of quality and ethical publishing. This includes strengthening editorial policies, promoting integrity in manuscript preparation, and encouraging accountability among authors. The editorial also calls on the academic community to adopt responsible practices in the use of emerging technologies.
In line with international publishing standards, this editorial is designed to provide critical perspectives, articulate editorial responsibilities, and offer a forward-looking stance on ethical scientific communication. Ultimately, maintaining trust and credibility in the AI era requires a collective commitment to transparency, rigor, and integrity at every stage of the publication process.
APA Citation StyleHanief, Y. N. (2026). Integrity in the age of AI: navigating authorship, accountability and ethical publishing. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 106-112. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.720 -
A domain-specific peer-review checklist for sport science journals: Translating a conceptual framework into practice
Spyridon Plakias11. University of Thessaly , GR2026-08-01|page 172-181AbstractThe peer-review process plays a central role in ensuring the quality and credibility of scientific research; however, it remains characterized by variability, limited standardization, and a lack of domain-specific evaluation criteria. These limitations are particularly evident in sport science, a multidisciplinary field involving complex, context-dependent, and applied performance data. Although several guidelines for peer-review exist, they are often either generic or tailored to specific domains, limiting their applicability to sport science research. The aim of the present study was to develop a comprehensive, domain-specific reviewer checklist for sport science journals. Building on a previously proposed conceptual framework of publishable research, the checklist operationalizes key dimensions of manuscript evaluation into structured criteria, spanning editorial screening, conceptual foundation, methodological and analytical rigor, research transparency, scientific communication, and scientific and practical impact. In addition, the framework integrates both hierarchical and iterative elements of the peer-review process, conceptualizing manuscript evaluation as a cyclical process that begins and concludes with editorial decision-making. The proposed checklist provides a structured and contextually relevant tool to support reviewers in conducting more consistent and transparent evaluations, while assisting editors in decision-making and offering authors clearer expectations. Although not yet empirically validated, the proposed framework represents a step toward improving the quality, consistency, and contextual relevance of peer-review in sport science.
APA Citation StylePlakias, S. (2026). A domain-specific peer-review checklist for sport science journals: Translating a conceptual framework into practice. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 172-181. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i2.741 -
Survey on the Effectiveness of the Online Learning Process Due to the Coronavirus Pandemic in Physical Education
Indung Pranata1, Ari Wibowo Kurniawan21. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID2022-03-31|page 51-62AbstractBackground: Since the outbreak of the coronavirus covid-19 in Indonesia, education has offered online learning. Online learning requires system support, namely hardware (smartphone, tablet, or laptop/personal computer), internet network, and human resources. However, the implementation of online learning encounters several challenges and obstacles, especially online learning in physical education in elementary schools.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine and examine the effectiveness of the online learning process due to the coronavirus pandemic in Physical Education and Health subjects at SD Negeri 6 Sumbermanjingkulon, Pagak District, Malang Regency.
Methods: This study used a descriptive research design with a survey method. This study involved 48 elementary school students. The data collected through a questionnaire method or a google form-based questionnaire that has been tested for validity by an expert. Data analysis was carried out on five indicators in the study. The indicators consist of student interest, interest, benefits, learning facilities and infrastructure, and quality of interaction.
Results: The results of the study indicate that the effectiveness of online learning at SD Negeri 6 Sumbermanjingkulon is in the criteria of being quite effective with a percentage of 46.90%.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it shows that overall online learning in physical education and health subjects is quite effective, but the percentage obtained between quite effective and ineffective is only a slight difference.
APA Citation StylePranata, I. , & Kurniawan, A. W. (2022). Survey on the Effectiveness of the Online Learning Process Due to the Coronavirus Pandemic in Physical Education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 51-62. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v1i1.112 -
Functional movement patterns and bilateral asymmetry in badminton athletes: A Functional Movement Screen analysis at the Malang Regional Training Center
Avi Kholifatuz Zahro'1, Muhammad Atiq Noviudin Pritama21. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID2026-08-17|page 196-207AbstractBackground: Badminton involves repetitive unilateral overhead movements, rapid changes of direction, and explosive actions that may contribute to side-to-side differences in functional movement patterns.
Objectives: This study aimed to describe functional movement patterns and bilateral asymmetry among badminton athletes at the Malang Regional Training Center using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS).
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 16 sub-elite badminton athletes aged 15–20 years selected through purposive sampling. Functional movement was assessed using the seven-component FMS. Total scores were classified as high (≤14), moderate (15–17), or low (18–21) injury risk. Bilateral asymmetry was identified from differences between right- and left-side scores in five bilateral FMS components. Data were analyzed descriptively using means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages.
Results: Most athletes (62.5%, n = 10) were classified as having moderate injury risk, while 18.75% (n = 3) were classified as high risk and 18.75% (n = 3) as low risk. Shoulder Mobility showed the highest prevalence of bilateral asymmetry (100%, n = 16), followed by the In-Line Lunge and Rotary Stability (62.5%, n = 10 each), Hurdle Step (50.0%, n = 8), and Active Straight Leg Raise (43.75%, n = 7).
Conclusions: Bilateral functional movement asymmetry was common among badminton athletes, particularly in shoulder mobility, while most athletes were classified within the moderate injury-risk category. These findings support functional movement screening to identify movement limitations and inform individualized corrective exercise strategies.
APA Citation StyleZahro', A. K. , & Pritama, M. A. N. (2026). Functional movement patterns and bilateral asymmetry in badminton athletes: A Functional Movement Screen analysis at the Malang Regional Training Center. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 196-207. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i2.756 -
Immediate effect of thoracic spinal manipulation versus passive stretching on upper trapezius pain in university students: A randomized controlled trial
Sherin Nada Salsabila1, Adnan Faris Naufal21. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID2. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID2025-11-26|page 250-265AbstractBackground: Pain disorders in the upper trapezius muscle are often experienced by students due to non-ergonomic postures and excessive duration of device use. Interventions such as spinal manipulation and stretching exercises are non-invasive interventions often used to reduce pain and improve muscle function.
Objectives: This study compares the effectiveness of two interventions in reducing trapezius muscle pain among university students.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial involved 40 physiotherapy students divided equally into two intervention groups. Group I received thoracic spinal manipulation, and Group II received passive stretching. Each intervention was administered in a single 15-minute session. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and immediately after treatment. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test for within-group comparisons and the Mann–Whitney U test for between-group analysis, with an alpha level of 0.05.
Results: The Wilcoxon test revealed a significant decrease in pain within both groups (Group I: median pre 4.5 [3.63–5] to post 2.5 [1.50–3.38], p = 0.000, r = 0.879; Group II: median pre 4.25 [3–5] to post 1 [0.13–3], p = 0.000, r = 0.84), indicating a significant effect of both interventions. The Mann–Whitney U test showed no statistically significant difference in pain reduction between the two groups (median pain difference = 2 [1–3] for both, U = 186.5, Z = –0.375, p = 0.707, r = 0.06).
Conclusions: Both thoracic spinal manipulation and passive stretching were effective in reducing upper trapezius pain immediately after a single session, but no significant difference was found between the two interventions. These findings suggest that both approaches provide comparable short-term benefits; however, further research with larger samples, multiple sessions, and more extended follow-up periods is needed to confirm their long-term efficacy.
APA Citation StyleSalsabila, S. N. , & Naufal, A. F. (2025). Immediate effect of thoracic spinal manipulation versus passive stretching on upper trapezius pain in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 250-265. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.634 -
Out-of-Field Public Senior High School Teachers: Competencies in Teaching Physical Education
John Clark Martos Mesias11. Burauen Comprehensive National High School, Leyte Division , PH2022-10-28|page 123-135AbstractBackground: Making sure that Physical Education (PE) classes are staffed with qualified and trained PE teacher is the most indispensable ingredient to a quality PE program. Only certified PE teachers should be given the accountability of teaching the skills and giving instruction that our young people need to adopt and maintain a physically active routine.
Objectives: The purpose of this qualitative study was to draw out the lived experiences of out-of-field public Senior High School teachers on teaching Physical Education, identify the trainings and seminars’ relevant to their professional development and advancement.
Methods: Through the descriptive narrative method, 22 out-of-field public senior high school teachers who were teaching PE from Areas 2A and 2B in Leyte Division served as participants and results derived from the interviews were coded and transcribed to come up with themes and sub-themes that follows: content knowledge with sub-themes; mastery of skills taught, sports-related trainings and dance pedagogy; pedagogical skills with sub-themes promotion of cooperative learning, stimulation of assigning leaders per group activities, inclusion of appropriate assessment tool or rubrics, and assurance of learners’ safety.
Results: The study confirms that mastery of subject discipline is essential to a teacher. Teaching PE subjects is more than the theory; it delves more on skills demonstration and acquisition. If teachers are expert in the field they teach, they can demonstrate the skills, clearly answer students’ questions, and lessen the workload as they have but minor adjustment as far as the subject matter is concerned.
Conclusion: This study confirms that mastery of the content is essential in the teaching-learning process. Teaching PE subjects is not all about imparting the content of the subject theoretically; it more on skills demonstration and acquisition.
APA Citation StyleMesias, J. C. M. (2022). Out-of-Field Public Senior High School Teachers: Competencies in Teaching Physical Education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 123-135. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v1i2.137 -
Performance determinants in tropical trail running: Race result analysis of the 5K and 10K Merapi Merbabu de Trail 2025
Siti Baitul Mukarromah1, Sugiarto Sugiarto2, Gustiana Mega Anggita3, Sri Agus Budi Santoso4, Sangheon Park5, Ambar Dwi Erawati6, Rikha Liemiyah7, Aziiz Mardanarian Rosdianto8, Ronny Lesmana9, Faisyal Syofian101. State University of Semarang , ID2. State University of Semarang , ID3. State University of Semarang , ID4. Tarra Adventure, Boyolali Regency, Central Java Province , ID5. Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul , KR6. Widya Husada Semarang University , ID7. Universitas Dian Nuswantoro , ID8. Universitas Padjajaran , ID9. Universitas Padjajaran , ID10. Sultan Agung Islamic University , ID2026-04-03|page 82-92AbstractBackground: The limited research on the determinants of performance in short-distance trail running in tropical environments is a major problem in understanding the influence of environmental conditions on runners' performance and pacing strategies.
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the influence of race distance, sex, and age on trail running performance in the 5K and 10K categories of the Merapi Merbabu de Trail 2025.
Methods: A retrospective observational race result analysis was conducted using official race data from the Merapi Merbabu de Trail 2025. The study included 429 runners (5K: n = 144; 10K: n = 285), consisting of 275 male and 154 female participants. The primary outcome variable was finish time (in minutes), while the independent variables included race, distance, sex, and age. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26, including descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, Cohen’s d effect sizes, and multiple linear regression to evaluate predictors of performance.
Results: Results showed a significant difference in performance between race distances. The mean finish time for the 5K category was 152.8 ± 44.3 minutes, while the 10K category averaged 306.1 ± 74.3 minutes (t = -26.68, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 2.50). Male runners completed the 10K race faster than female runners (293 vs. 345 minutes). Regression analysis indicated that finish time increased by approximately 2–3 minutes per year of age, indicating a progressive decline in performance with increasing age.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that race distance, sex, and age are significant determinants of trail running performance in tropical environments.APA Citation StyleMukarromah, S. B. , Sugiarto, S. , Anggita, G. M. , Santoso, S. A. B. , Park, S. , Erawati, A. D. , Liemiyah, R. , Rosdianto, A. M. , Lesmana, R. , & Syofian, F. (2026). Performance determinants in tropical trail running: Race result analysis of the 5K and 10K Merapi Merbabu de Trail 2025. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 82-92. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.699 -
Examining the mediating role of perceived psychosocial support in the relationship between sport grit and psychological well-being among high school student-athletes
Daphne Scott Fernandez1, Kahreen Lou Mondina21. Saint Louis College La Union,Saint Louis College La Union , PH2. Saint Louis College La Union,Saint Louis College La Union , PH2026-08-01|page 182-195AbstractBackground: Psychological well-being is essential for student-athletes because they must simultaneously cope with competitive sport demands and academic responsibilities. Although both sport grit and perceived psychosocial support have been associated with positive psychological outcomes, the mediating role of psychosocial support in the relationship between sport grit and psychological well-being remains insufficiently understood.
Objectives: This study examined whether perceived psychosocial support mediates the relationship between sport grit and psychological well-being among high school student-athletes.
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional correlational design with a mediation analysis framework was employed. A total of 362 high school student-athletes from the first district of La Union, Philippines, participated using total enumeration sampling. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires assessing sport grit, psychological well-being, and perceived psychosocial support. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and bias-corrected bootstrap mediation analysis (5,000 resamples) were performed using JASP.
Results: Student-athletes reported high levels of sport grit, psychological well-being, and perceived psychosocial support. Sport grit significantly and positively predicted psychological well-being, whereas it did not significantly predict perceived psychosocial support. Perceived psychosocial support demonstrated a significant but negative association with psychological well-being. Furthermore, the indirect effect of sport grit on psychological well-being through perceived psychosocial support was not statistically significant, indicating the absence of a mediating effect.
Conclusions: Sport grit is an important direct psychological resource associated with psychological well-being among high school student-athletes. Although perceived psychosocial support contributes to athletes' psychological functioning, it does not explain the relationship between sport grit and psychological well-being. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening athletes' internal psychological resources while maintaining supportive sport environments.
APA Citation StyleFernandez, D. S. , & Mondina, K. L. (2026). Examining the mediating role of perceived psychosocial support in the relationship between sport grit and psychological well-being among high school student-athletes. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 182-195. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i2.725 -
The Impact of the Sports Education Athletic Season on the Learning Motivation as Supporters of the Kurikulum Merdeka
Agi Ginanjar1, Reni Anggraeni21. STKIP Nahdlatul Ulama Indramayu, Indonesia , ID2. Indonesian Institute of the Arts Denpasar, Indonesia , ID2024-03-12|page 1-9AbstractBackground: Physical education learning in Indonesia has had to switch to using the Kurikulum Merdeka which focuses more on students as the center of learning with project reports and project themes. Motivation is very important for students in following the learning process. Sport Education is a learning strategy that facilitates students and teachers with projects in the learning process and can increase student learning motivation.
Objectives: The aim of the research was to examine the influence of SE on learning motivation in MTs students.
Methods: The research method used in this research uses an experimental research method with a one-shot case study design. Participants in this research were 48 students at one of the MTs in Indramayu Regency. The instrument in this research used a student learning motivation questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses a one-sample t test.
Results: The results of this research obtained t count = 7.05 with Sig. 0.00 < 0.05, which means that there is an influence of SE on the learning motivation of MTs students.
Conclusion: This research concludes that there is an influence of SE on learning motivation in Junior High Schoolstudents.
APA Citation StyleGinanjar, A. , & Anggraeni, R. (2024). The Impact of the Sports Education Athletic Season on the Learning Motivation as Supporters of the Kurikulum Merdeka. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1.315 -
A Modern Pedagogical Approach in The Subject of Physical Education
Ferdinando Cereda11. The Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan , IT2023-10-31|page 126-141AbstractBackground: The pedagogical paradigm (PP) is a complex framework encompassing various pedagogical elements integral to the instructional and educational process. These paradigms manifest in diverse forms without entirely replacing their precursor frameworks, as they are built upon established principles and concepts. Understanding the architectural structure of each paradigm is crucial in distinguishing these pedagogical models.
Objective: This exposition aims to provide a rationale for the integration of the pedagogical paradigm within the realm of PE.
Methods: In the literature review, the EBSCO database was utilized via SPORTDiscus. This theoretical review draws upon various scholarly sources, including Taylor and Francis, ERIC, Scopus, Google Scholar These repositories provide a global perspective, with the majority of references selected from the decade leading up to the onset of the pandemic.
Results: The literature analysis reveals the intricate nature of pedagogical paradigms and their importance in the field of PE. It underscores the need for instructors to adapt their teaching approaches to meet the specific needs of students based on their age and developmental stage. The integration of the pedagogical paradigm within PE is proposed as a valuable concept to enhance the quality of physical education programs.
Conclusion: The incorporation of the PP into the domain of PE holds promise for improving the effectiveness of PE instruction. This review, based on a thorough examination of pertinent literature, highlights the relevance of PP in adapting teaching methodologies to suit the diverse needs of students. While this study does not provide empirical evidence, it lays the theoretical groundwork for future research and practical applications in the field of PE. Further investigations and practical implementations are warranted to assess the feasibility and benefits of incorporating PP within PE instruction.
APA Citation StyleCereda, F. (2023). A Modern Pedagogical Approach in The Subject of Physical Education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 126-141. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v2i2.265 -
Addendum: Improving learning performance in physical education through video-based presentations (VBP) approach
Carla Jobelle Culajara11. Sta. Catalina National High School, Department of Education , PH2026-04-10|page 86-87AbstractThis addendum provides additional statements on ethical approval, informed consent, data availability, and AI disclosure to enhance transparency and align the original article with current international publication standards. These updates do not affect the results, interpretation, or conclusions of the original publication.
APA Citation StyleCulajara, C. J. (2026). Addendum: Improving learning performance in physical education through video-based presentations (VBP) approach. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 86-87. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.734 -
The Effect of Project Based Learning Assisted with Flashcards towards Students’ Learning Outcomes in Learning Pencak Silat
I Gede Suwiwa1, I Ketut Budaya Astra2, I Ketut Yoda3, I Made Satyawan41. Ganesha University of Education , ID2. Ganesha University of Education , ID3. Ganesha University of Education , ID4. Ganesha University of Education , ID2023-10-31|page 72-82AbstractBackground: Motion-based learning, especially Pencak Silat material taught at the Senior High School level always presents challenges for Physical Education (PE) Teachers.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of project-based learning assisted with flashcards on students’ learning outcomes in learning Pencak Silat.
Methods: Quasi-experimental was used as a research design by conducting pretest and posttest. There were 312 eleventh-grade students in this study, which was conducted at Senior High School of Laboratorium Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (Undiksha) and Senior High School 1 Sukasada. A simple random sampling technique was performed to select the sample of this study. One hundred twenty students were chosen as a research sample and divided into experimental and control groups. The data were collected by conducting pre-tests and post-tests. The instrument used in this study was the basic attitudes test of Pencak Silat. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively through inferential statistics (independent sample t-test) with the assistance of SPSS 22.
Results: The results showed a significant difference between the post-test gained by the experimental group treated by project-based learning assisted with flashcards and the control group treated by conventional education. Sig proved it. (2-tailed) the post-test data was 0.01, indicating that the significant value was less than 0.05 as consideration. The effect size found through the calculation of Eta Squared proposed by Cohen was 0.08, categorized as a high level.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that there was an effect of project-based learning assisted with flashcards towards students’ learning outcomes in learning Pencak Silat since this study is focused on learning.
APA Citation StyleSuwiwa, I. G. , Astra, I. K. B. , Yoda, I. K. , & Satyawan, I. M. (2023). The Effect of Project Based Learning Assisted with Flashcards towards Students’ Learning Outcomes in Learning Pencak Silat. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 72-82. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v2i2.235
