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  • Open Access

    Impact of five-cone and ladder drill training on agility among U15 football athletes

    Pupuh Harya Prembanyu1, Agus Wiyanto2, Setiyawan Setiyawan3
    1. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID
    2. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID
    3. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID
    2025-11-26
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.633
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 26 November 2025
    |
    page 266-274
    Abstract

    Background: Although it may seem simple, soccer has complex characteristics, which is why many children are attracted to training at soccer schools. Agility is a crucial aspect of the game, as it enables a player to move quickly, evade opponents, and control the ball effectively. At the Pemalang Regency Bina Talenta Soccer School (SSB), agility training is not conducted optimally and has not been implemented systematically with effective methods. Therefore, exercises such as the five-cone and ladder drills need to be implemented to improve player agility more effectively.

    Objectives: This study aims to examine the impact of five-cone and ladder drill training on the agility of U15 football athletes.

    Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a quasi-experimental approach. The experimental design was a pretest-posttest in two groups. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with 20 players participating in a four-week training program. The instrument to measure agility was the Illinois Agility Test, with a validity level of r = 0.87. The measurement data were analyzed using a difference test with the help of SPSS software version 29.0.

    Results: The five-cone drill and the ladder drill had a significant effect on agility, as both exercises had a significance value of <0.05. The five-cone drill was more effective than the ladder drill. This was due to the difference in scores between the five-cone drill, which increased by 1.04, and the ladder drill, which increased by 0.84.

    Conclusions: Both training methods are effective in improving agility and can be integrated into school-based football training programs. Furthermore, the results of implementing these methods can enhance player performance and provide a valuable source of new knowledge for future researchers on agility in SSB players.

    APA Citation Style
    Prembanyu, P. H. , Wiyanto, A. , & Setiyawan, S. (2025). Impact of five-cone and ladder drill training on agility among U15 football athletes. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 266-274. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.633
  • Open Access

    A comparison of VO₂max response of 15-year-old soccer athletes based on training time in the tropical climate of Bima

    Firdaus Firdaus1, Taty Hartati2, Rabwan Satriawan3, Shutan Arie Shandi4, Nor Fazila Abd Malek5
    1. Department of Physical Education, STKIP Taman Siswa Bima , ID
    2. Department of History, STKIP Taman Siswa Bima , ID
    3. Department of Physical Education, STKIP Taman Siswa Bima , ID
    4. Department of Physical Education, STKIP Taman Siswa Bima , ID
    5. Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Sultan Idris Education University , MY
    2026-04-14
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.709
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 14 April 2026
    |
    page 125-134
    Abstract

    Background: VO₂max is the primary indicator of a soccer athlete's aerobic capacity, but in tropical climates like Bima, high temperatures and humidity can affect VO₂max achievement. Hence, the timing of training is an important factor to consider.

    Objectives: This study aims to analyze differences in VO₂max across training times (morning and afternoon) in 15-year-old youth soccer athletes from the Bima Football Association (PERSSEBI).

    Methods: The study used a quantitative, comparative, cross-sectional observational design. The study subjects were 45 athletes (age 15.31±0.46; height 163.12±4.35 cm; weight 55.28±3.67 kg; and body mass index (BMI) 20.78±1.18 kg/m²) from the Bima Football Association (PERSEBI), selected by purposive sampling, and divided into morning (n=23) and afternoon (n=22) training groups. VO₂max was measured using a multistage fitness test (Bleep Test). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, the Levene homogeneity test, and the independent-samples t-test at a significance level of 0.05, using IBM SPSS 25.

    Results: The descriptive analysis showed that the average VO₂max of the morning group was 43.78 ± 2.34 ml/kg/minute, higher than that of the afternoon group (42.91 ± 2.29 ml/kg/minute). The results of the independent sample t-test showed that there was a significant difference in VO₂max between the two groups with a t value = 2.14 with df = 43 and a significant p value = 0.04 (p < 0.05) with an average difference of 0.87 ml/kg/minute indicating that the morning exercise group had a higher Vo2max value than the afternoon exercise group.

    Conclusions: These findings suggest that training time contributes to differences in athletes' VO₂max values in tropical environments, with morning training resulting in higher performance than afternoon training. Therefore, scheduling training that accounts for environmental conditions is crucial for optimizing athletes' VO₂max.

    APA Citation Style
    Firdaus, F. , Hartati, T. , Satriawan, R. , Shandi, S. A. , & Malek, N. F. A. (2026). A comparison of VO₂max response of 15-year-old soccer athletes based on training time in the tropical climate of Bima. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 125-134. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.709
  • Open Access

    Medical observations and injury analysis: All Girls Touch Rugby Championship 2024

    Mohamad Nizam Nazarudin1, Yong Qin Tan2, Ardo Okilanda3, Yovhandra Ockta4, Reshandi Nugraha5
    1. National University of Malaysia , MY
    2. National University of Malaysia , MY
    3. State University of Padang , ID
    4. Universitas Teuku Umar , ID
    5. UniversitasPendidikan Indonesia , ID
    2025-04-04
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.495
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 04 April 2025
    |
    page 32-45
    Abstract

    Background: Touch rugby is a high-intensity, non-contact sport requiring agility, speed, and coordination. This study analyzes injury distribution, treatment effectiveness, and preventive measures among youth touch rugby players.

    Objectives: This study examined injury patterns among adolescent female athletes during the 2024 All-Girls Touch Rugby Championship (AGTR 2024).

    Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using medical reports from the two-day All-Girls Touch Rugby Championship 2024 (AGTR 2024) at Universiti Putra Malaysia. The study examined 484 female athletes (ages 9–18 years), with 176 injuries recorded and categorized as soft tissue injuries (52.3%), abrasions (23.9%), and sprains (14.2%). Descriptive statistics were used to assess injury distribution, while chi-square analysis (χ² = 10.45, p < 0.01) evaluated the relationship between injury type and age group.

    Results: Younger players (10–14 years) sustained more abrasions (60%), whereas older athletes (15–18 years) had a higher incidence of soft tissue injuries (68%). Injuries increased by 66.7% on Day 2, highlighting the impact of cumulative fatigue and tournament intensity. Ice therapy (68%) and bandaging (55%) were the most utilized treatments, with only 7% of cases requiring outpatient referrals.

    Conclusions: Findings underscore the need for structured warm-ups, enhanced hydration protocols, and targeted strength training to reduce injury risks. The study emphasizes the role of injury surveillance, playing surface improvements, and gender-specific training programs in preventing injuries and enhancing athlete safety. Implementing evidence-based preventive strategies can promote the long-term development and sustainability of touch rugby for adolescent athletes. Future research should focus on longitudinal injury tracking and tailored intervention strategies.

    APA Citation Style
    Nazarudin, M. N. , Tan, Y. Q. , Okilanda, A. , Ockta, Y. , & Nugraha, R. (2025). Medical observations and injury analysis: All Girls Touch Rugby Championship 2024. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 32-45. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.495
  • Open Access

    Comparative analysis of plantar pressure distribution among football players across playing positions: A cross-sectional study

    Arif Pristianto1, Anindya Maghfira Zain2, Farid Rahman3, Pungki Indarto4, Anugrah Nur Warthadi5
    1. Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID
    2. Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID
    3. Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID
    4. Department of Sport Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID
    5. Department of Sport Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID
    2026-04-01
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.692
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 01 April 2026
    |
    page 68-81
    Abstract

    Background: Football players exhibit different muscle activation patterns during different playing activities, which can affect plantar pressure on the feet. Uneven, unbalanced plantar pressure distribution can cause muscle tension, leading to musculoskeletal injuries in the feet.

    Objectives: This study aims to determine and compare plantar pressure distribution among football players based on playing position.

    Methods: This study is an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study consisted of 24 football players aged 15-18 years who met the inclusion criteria. Plantar pressure was measured using a Zebris Force Distribution Measurement (FDM) platform on the forefoot and rearfoot areas. Statistical analysis included normality tests (Shapiro-Wilk) and multivariate tests (ANOVA) according to data distribution.

    Results: Differences in plantar pressure were observed between defenders, forwards, and strikers in static conditions (p < 0.05), but not in dynamic conditions (p > 0.05).

    Conclusions: This study shows differences in plantar pressure distribution among football players in defender, forward, and striker positions under static conditions. However, under dynamic conditions, no significant differences were found among playing positions.

    APA Citation Style
    Pristianto, A. , Zain, A. M. , Rahman, F. , Indarto, P. , & Warthadi, A. N. (2026). Comparative analysis of plantar pressure distribution among football players across playing positions: A cross-sectional study. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 68-81. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.692
  • Open Access

    The combination of plyometric and ladder drills can improve acceleration and footwork skills in badminton players

    Muhammad Labib Siena Ar Rasyid1, Oce Wiriawan2, Afif Rusdiawan3, Laily Mita Andriana4, Enarnimas Dwi Ratna Damayanti5
    1. Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID
    2. Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID
    3. Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID
    4. Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID
    5. Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID
    2026-03-08
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.669
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 08 March 2026
    |
    page 28-39
    Abstract

    Background: Recognized globally as the fastest racket sport in the world, badminton demands exceptional acceleration and footwork skills for competitive success. However, many intermediate players often struggle to produce the explosive power needed for fast-paced rallies. To enhance these physical attributes, targeted training interventions, such as a hybrid regimen of plyometric and ladder drills, are often required.

    Objectives: This study aims to analyze the efficacy of integrating plyometric exercises with ladder drills in enhancing acceleration and footwork proficiency among badminton players.

    Methods: This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group. Through purposive sampling, 24 male participants (aged 14-16 years) with at least 2 years of training experience, good health, and no history of recent injuries were selected. They were assigned to either the PLD Group (age: 15.00 ± 0.74 years; height: 162.00 ± 0.07 cm; weight: 50.58 ± 5.68 kg; BMI: 19.20 ± 0.88 kg/m²) or the CV Group (age: 15.00 ± 0.85 years; height: 162.08 ± 0.08 cm; weight: 51.75 ± 8.05 kg; BMI: 19.59 ± 1.56 kg/m²). The intervention spanned six weeks, with three sessions per week. Performance in acceleration was assessed using a 10-meter sprint, and footwork skills were assessed using the footwork skills test (Tohar version) pre- and post-intervention. Data analysis employed the Wilcoxon signed-rank and the Mann-Whitney tests.

    Results: The Wilcoxon analysis indicated that both the PLD and CV Groups achieved improvements in acceleration and footwork skills (p<0.05). However, the Mann-Whitney test revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups, with the PLD Group demonstrating superior gains in both acceleration (p<0.05) and footwork skills (p<0.05) compared to the CV Group.

    Conclusions: Integrating plyometric training and ladder drills is an effective strategy for significantly improving acceleration and footwork skills in badminton players.

    APA Citation Style
    Rasyid, M. L. S. A. , Wiriawan, O. , Rusdiawan, A. , Andriana, L. M. , & Damayanti, E. D. R. (2026). The combination of plyometric and ladder drills can improve acceleration and footwork skills in badminton players. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 28-39. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.669
  • Open Access

    Weightlifting coaches' and athletes' understanding of injury prevention programs: a case study of Lumajang and Malang

    Muhammad Izzan Atmagara1, Yulingga Nanda Hanief2
    1. State University of Malang , ID
    2. State University of Malang , ID
    2025-09-21
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.601
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 21 September 2025
    |
    page 222-235
    Abstract

    Background: Weightlifting is a high-intensity sport with a high risk of injuries due to improper technique, insufficient warm-up, and excessive training loads.

    Objectives: This study explores the understanding, strategies, and barriers of weightlifting coaches and athletes in Lumajang District and Malang City related to implementing injury prevention programs in performance sports.

    Methods: This study used a qualitative case study approach. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, consisting of weightlifting coaches with at least one year of experience and athletes who had trained and competed at the regional level. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis, while data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, including reduction, presentation, and conclusion.

    Results: The results showed that coaches and athletes emphasized dynamic warm-ups, core and back strengthening exercises, and correct lifting techniques as the main strategies to prevent injuries. However, limitations in facilities, literature access, and training variety were identified as barriers to implementing optimal injury prevention programs.

    Conclusions: This study concludes that effective injury prevention in weightlifting requires structured warm-up routines, individualized training programs, and adequate supporting equipment. Strengthening coaches’ knowledge and providing better facilities are crucial to minimize injuries and enhance athlete performance.
    APA Citation Style
    Atmagara, M. I. , & Hanief, Y. N. (2025). Weightlifting coaches' and athletes' understanding of injury prevention programs: a case study of Lumajang and Malang. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 222-235. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.601
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