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  • Open Access

    Analyzing the promotion of social skills and values in physical education texts and programmes

    Loubna Belabbes1, Omar Ben Rakaa2, Moulay Smail Hafidi Alaoui3
    1. Mohammed-V University , MA
    2. Hassan II University of Casablanca , MA
    3. Mohammed-V University , MA
    2025-12-12
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.493
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 12 December 2025
    |
    page 275-290
    Abstract

    Background: Global education systems increasingly emphasize holistic development by integrating social skills and ethical values into curricula, with physical education playing a central role in shaping students' cognitive, emotional, and civic competencies.

    Objectives: This study examines how educational programs and policy documents promote social skills (e.g., empathy, communication, collaboration, autonomy) and ethical principles, with particular attention to the contribution of physical education in fostering academic achievement and responsible citizenship.

    Methods: A structured literature review was conducted, applying predefined eligibility criteria and guided by socio-emotional learning and self-determination theory. Forty-five academic and institutional texts (published between 2013 and 2023), including frameworks from UNESCO and the Moroccan Ministry of Education, as well as programs such as PATHS and Second Step, were analyzed across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts, with a primary focus on Morocco.

    Results: Communication (11.11%; 5/45), autonomy (8.89%; 4/45), and cooperation (8.89%; 4/45) emerged as the most frequently emphasized competencies in both Moroccan and international curricula. Physical education was found to reinforce resilience, leadership, and collaborative skills, whereas empathy (4.44%; 2/45) remained underrepresented—reflecting the prevailing prioritization of technical rather than socio-emotional competencies. Implementation remains constrained by structural barriers, including limited resources and cultural misalignment, despite the legislative support of Morocco's framework law 51-17.

    Conclusions: Embedding social skills within physical education supports students' holistic development. Achieving meaningful implementation requires: (1) short-term alignment of system-level policies and teacher training, and (2) long-term cultural adaptation of programs supported by measurable monitoring indicators.
    APA Citation Style
    Belabbes, L. , Ben Rakaa, O. , & Alaoui, M. S. H. (2025). Analyzing the promotion of social skills and values in physical education texts and programmes. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 275-290. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.493
  • Open Access

    Integrating technology in physical education: The impact of TPACK-based tactical and technical approaches on football skills and student motivation

    Defri Mulyana1, Adang Suherman2, Komarudin Komarudin3, Bambang Abduljabar4, Fegie Rizkia Mulyana5
    1. Indonesia University of Education , ID
    2. Indonesia University of Education , ID
    3. Indonesia University of Education , ID
    4. Indonesia University of Education , ID
    5. Siliwangi University , ID
    2025-05-14
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.523
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 14 May 2025
    |
    page 71-82
    Abstract

    Background: Motivation and skill development are vital in physical education, particularly football. Tactical learning emphasizes decision-making and game understanding, while technical learning focuses on mastering fundamental skills.

    Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the impact of a TPACK-based tactical and technical learning approach on student motivation and football skill acquisition among high school students in Tasikmalaya.

    Methods: The study applied the TPACK framework—integrating Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge—in designing the learning model. Using an experimental method with a pre-test–post-test design, 30 students were divided into two groups. Motivation was assessed via a Likert-scale questionnaire, while football skills (passing, heading, dribbling, shooting, and playing ability) were evaluated through standardized tests. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests with a significance level of p < 0.05.

    Results: The technical approach significantly enhanced basic football skills, notably heading (t = 8.47) and shooting (t = 8.29), proving its effectiveness in improving fundamental competencies. Conversely, the tactical approach showed a notable increase in student motivation (t = 4.98) and playing ability (t = 5.94), reflecting its strength in fostering strategic understanding and engagement. TPACK integration further reinforced both approaches through effective use of technology.

    Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of combining tactical and technical approaches to promote holistic student development. Continued research is needed to explore the long-term effects and potential of integrating diverse technological tools in physical education.

    APA Citation Style
    Mulyana, D. , Suherman, A. , Komarudin, K. , Abduljabar, B. , & Mulyana, F. R. (2025). Integrating technology in physical education: The impact of TPACK-based tactical and technical approaches on football skills and student motivation. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 71-82. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.523
  • Open Access

    First Aid Skills of Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers at Batangas State University

    Davidsol Mendoza1, Mauricio Atienza Junior2, Kyla Marie Torino Maralit3, Chino Randel Odello4
    1. Batangas State University-Pablo Borbon , PH
    2. Batangas State University , PH
    3. Batangas State University , PH
    4. Batangas State University , PH
    2023-10-31
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v2i2.208
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 31 October 2023
    |
    page 83-99
    Abstract

    Background: The researchers believe acquiring knowledge and first aid skills can improve the instruction of Physical Education. Thus, no matter how proactive a teacher can be, there will be possibilities that an unnecessary situation may occur because it is movement education.

    Objectives: The study aimed to determine the first aid skills of pre-service physical education teachers at Batangas State University. Specifically, the study determined the respondents' extent of manifestation of competencies in providing first aid skill components as assessed by the instructors and students, along with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, management of bleeding, and fracture. The study also compares the responses of the two groups of respondents. The issues and challenges in developing first aid skills were also ascertained to propose training activities to intensify students' skills and competencies.

    Methods: This study used descriptive research and a researcher-made questionnaire to gather data from 186 participants, including 159 physical education students and 27 teachers from Batangas State University during the 2021-2022 academic year.

    Results: The study found that students had moderate competency in applying CPR, recognizing victim situations, and performing two rescue breaths correctly. Similarly, students had moderate competency in managing bleeding and identifying fracture types. However, the two groups of respondents had no significant difference in competency. The biggest challenge identified by students was the need for more training and workshops related to first aid, while linguistic barriers and inconsistent training were less significant challenges.

    Conclusion: The findings show that Bachelor of Physical Education students greatly manifest first aid skills in CPR, managing bleeding, and treating fractures but need improvements in specific competencies. There was no significant difference in the assessment between the two groups of respondents. However, attendance to training and workshops was the primary issue and challenge in developing the first aid skills of BPEd students.

    APA Citation Style
    Mendoza, D. , Junior, M. A. , Maralit, K. M. T. , & Odello, C. R. (2023). First Aid Skills of Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers at Batangas State University. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 83-99. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v2i2.208
  • Open Access

    Development and validation of a table tennis serve skill assessment instrument for junior high school students: A psychometric approach

    Muhammad Aliffajaruddin Alfani1, M. E. Winarno2, Siti Nurrochmah3
    1. State University of Malang , ID
    2. State University of Malang , ID
    3. State University of Malang , ID
    2025-07-01
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.525
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 01 July 2025
    |
    page 95-102
    Abstract

    Background: The highest assessment weight in physical education lessons lies in psychomotor skills. In order to find out how far the competencies possessed by students, a clear and comprehensive assessment tool or instrument is needed.

    Objectives: The research aims to develop a test instrument for forehand and backhand service skills in table tennis small ball games.

    Methods: The development of this instrument uses a research and development scheme, with predetermined steps (1) determining objectives, (2) analyzing literature, (3) developing specifications, (4) administering, (5) conducting tests, (6) analyzing data validity, reliability, and objectivity. The cluster sampling procedure was conducted on students aged 13-15 who met the inclusion criteria, involving junior high school students (n=80), consisting of 41 female students and 39 male students. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 11.0. The basis for decision-making is the Pearson correlation test. The analysis technique in the reliability test uses a test and retest external estimation approach.

    Results: The forehand serve variable has a calculated r-value of 0.456> r-table 0.312, and the backhand serve variable obtained a calculated R-value of 0.352> r-table 0.312, so the table tennis skill instrument on that variable was declared valid. At the same time, the reliability test shows a value above 0.70; the instrument that has been prepared can be declared reliable.

    Conclusions: The assessment instrument for forehand and backhand serve skills in table tennis games for junior high school students has met the validity and reliability criteria. This shows that the instrument is suitable for teachers as an objective and consistent measuring tool in evaluating basic table tennis skills in students. Recommendations for future studies are encouraged to expand the sample size and integrate digital features to enhance the scalability and objectivity of the assessment.

    APA Citation Style
    Alfani, M. A. , Winarno, M. E. , & Nurrochmah, S. (2025). Development and validation of a table tennis serve skill assessment instrument for junior high school students: A psychometric approach. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 95-102. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.525
  • Open Access

    Psychosocial predictors of academic achievement in physical education among Indonesian university students: Testing the mediating role of mental toughness

    Muhad Fatoni1, Agam Akhmad Syaukani2, Pungki Indarto3, Imron Nugroho Saputro4, Ismi Husniyah Musyfiroh5
    1. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta , ID
    2. University of Technology Malaysia , MY
    3. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta , ID
    4. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta , ID
    5. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta , ID
    2025-12-12
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.624
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 12 December 2025
    |
    page 291-301
    Abstract

    Background: Academic performance in this context is conceptualized holistically, encompassing the integration of cognitive, affective, psychomotor, and physical achievements. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory and Social Cognitive Theory, the study posits that physical activity interest and social skills serve as predictors of both mental toughness and academic outcomes.

    Objectives: This study examines the mediating role of mental toughness in the relationship between physical activity interest, social skills, and academic performance among university students enrolled in physical education programs.

    Methods: A quantitative approach was employed, involving the administration of structured questionnaires to 235 active students. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with a Partial Least Squares approach to assess construct validity and the relationships among variables.

    Results: The results reveal that interest in physical activity and social skills has a significant influence on both mental toughness and academic performance. However, mental toughness did not serve as a substantial mediator within the proposed model.

    Conclusions: These findings underscore the critical direct roles of affective and social factors in predicting academic success in physical education contexts. Theoretically, this study clarifies the functional position of mental toughness, while practically, it promotes the development of instructional strategies that enhance intrinsic motivation and collaborative skills within physical education curricula.
    APA Citation Style
    Fatoni, M. , Syaukani, A. A. , Indarto, P. , Saputro, I. N. , & Musyfiroh, I. H. (2025). Psychosocial predictors of academic achievement in physical education among Indonesian university students: Testing the mediating role of mental toughness. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 291-301. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.624
  • Open Access

    The effect of peer teaching and think pair share on rhythmic gymnastics learning outcomes

    Muhammad Lutfi Hasan1, Ibnu Fatkhu Royana2, Utvi Hinda Zhannisa3
    1. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID
    2. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID
    3. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID
    2025-08-14
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.619
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 14 August 2025
    |
    page 195-203
    Abstract

    Background: Rhythmic gymnastics plays a vital role in developing students' motor skills, coordination, and rhythm, yet many still face challenges in mastering movement concepts.

    Objectives: This study compared the effectiveness of Peer Teaching and Think Pair Share (TPS) cooperative learning models in improving rhythmic gymnastics learning outcomes.

    Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest–posttest was conducted on 68 eighth-grade students (male and female) at State Junior High School 4 Semarang, divided into Peer Teaching (n=34) and TPS (n=34) groups. Learning outcomes were assessed using a validated rhythmic gymnastics performance test, and data were analyzed descriptively with gain score calculation.

    Results: The TPS group achieved a greater improvement in posttest scores (from 67.21 to 79.59; +18.41%) compared to the Peer Teaching group (from 79.18 to 79.85; +0.85%). These results indicate that TPS enhances students' understanding, coordination, and engagement in rhythmic gymnastics learning.

    Conclusions: TPS is recommended for physical education teachers to improve performance, particularly for students with lower initial skills. Further studies should explore its long-term effects and retention.

    APA Citation Style
    Hasan, M. L. , Royana, I. F. , & Zhannisa, U. H. (2025). The effect of peer teaching and think pair share on rhythmic gymnastics learning outcomes. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 195-203. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.619
  • Open Access

    Teaching personal and social responsibility: An analysis of TPSR-based behaviors in physical education

    Rama Adha Septiana1, Tite Juliantine2
    1. Indonesia University of Education , ID
    2. Indonesia University of Education , ID
    2025-12-30
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.647
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 30 December 2025
    |
    page 332-343
    Abstract

    Background: The rapid growth of online gaming among students has raised concerns regarding behavioral regulation, responsibility, and social interaction in educational contexts.

    Objectives: This study aims to systematically review empirical research on the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model and student behavioral outcomes, and to explore its potential implications for online gaming and digital behavior contexts.

    Methods: A literature review was conducted using SAGE Journals and Taylor & Francis Online databases, selected due to their strong coverage of peer-reviewed research relevant to physical education and pedagogy. The search covered publications from 2014 to 2024 using the keywords “TPSR” AND “student” AND “behavior” AND (“online game” OR “gaming”). Inclusion criteria were: (1) peer-reviewed international journal articles, (2) empirical or review studies addressing TPSR and student behavior, (3) student populations, and (4) publication within the last ten years. Articles that did not explicitly address TPSR-based behavioral outcomes were excluded. From 43 initial records, 4 articles met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized using narrative synthesis.

    Results: The included studies primarily focused on TPSR implementation in physical education contexts, emphasizing behavioral responsibility, psychosocial mechanisms, and pedagogical approaches. Of the four studies, two employed quasi-experimental designs, one used survey methods, and one adopted a literature review approach. Overall, the findings indicate that TPSR-based learning is associated with improvements in personal and social responsibility, positive behavior regulation, and supportive learning climates, although direct evidence linking TPSR to online gaming behavior remains limited.

    Conclusions: The findings suggest that TPSR offers a promising pedagogical framework for fostering responsible behavior and social regulation among students in the digital era.
    APA Citation Style
    Septiana, R. A. , & Juliantine, T. (2025). Teaching personal and social responsibility: An analysis of TPSR-based behaviors in physical education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 332-343. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.647
  • Open Access

    The relationship between limb length and lower-limb explosive power on squat-style long jump performance in junior secondary students

    Karina Octaviani1, Siti Nurrochmah2
    1. State University of Malang , ID
    2. State University of Malang , ID
    2025-07-01
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.561
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 01 July 2025
    |
    page 103-114
    Abstract

    Background: To determine the relationship between leg length and leg muscle explosive power with squat style long jump performance applied to junior high school students.

    Objectives: This study examines the relationship between leg length, leg muscle explosive power, and the ability to jump squatting style long.

    Methods: The method used is a quantitative descriptive design with a correlational study. The study population amounted to 60 male students in class VIII. Sampling using the Purposive Proportional Systematic Random Sampling technique amounted to 45 students. The collected data were analyzed using three prerequisite tests: data normality test, homogeneity test, and linearity test. After fulfilling the prerequisite test requirements, it can be continued with 4 hypothesis tests, product moment test, multiple correlation test, regression equation line, and practical contribution and relative contribution.

    Results: The data obtained using inferential statistics in multiple correlation analysis is complemented by multiple regression analysis. The results of the multiple correlation test obtained a coefficient = 0.687 and Sig. P = 0.001 < a = 0.05.

    Conclusions: The study concludes a positive and linear relationship between leg length and leg muscle explosive power with squat-style long jump performance. Based on these findings, further research is recommended to explore additional variables such as speed, flexibility, and confidence, which may influence squat-style long jump performance.

    APA Citation Style
    Octaviani, K. , & Nurrochmah, S. (2025). The relationship between limb length and lower-limb explosive power on squat-style long jump performance in junior secondary students. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 103-114. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.561
  • Open Access

    Global trends of gamification in enhancing students’ social skills in physical education (2015–2025)

    Rajip Mustafillah Rusdiyanto1, Ari Wibowo Kurniawan2
    1. State University of Malang , ID
    2. State University of Malang , ID
    2025-07-01
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.598
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 01 July 2025
    |
    page 125-138
    Abstract

    Background: The development of digital technology has triggered a more interactive learning transformation through gamification, namely using game elements to increase students' motivation, engagement, and social skills, such as cooperation, communication, empathy, and problem solving.

    Objectives: This study aims to analyze global research trends on gamification in enhancing students' social skills, particularly in physical education, through a bibliometric analysis from 2015 to 2025.

    Methods: This study employed a bibliometric design. Data were retrived from the Scopus database on April 22, 2025, using specific keywords: (gamification OR gamified learning OR game-base-based learning) AND ("physical education" OR "PE class" OR "sport education") AND (social skills" OR "social competence" OR "social interaction") AND (elementary school" OR "primary school" OR "midle school" OR "junior high school" OR "high school" OR "secondary school" From an initial 120 documents, 47 met the inclusion criteria. VOSViewer was used to analyze keyword co-occurrence, visualize trends, and identify thematic clusters by completely counting on all keywords with at least two documents per author.

    Results: 47 relevant articles were identified, with publication peaking in 2020. Keyword analysis revealed five main thematic clusters: gamification in education, digital game-based learning, collaborative learning, emerging technologies, and motivation. The most frequent keywords were game-based learning (n=12), gamification (n=9), and students (n=8). The University of Patras emerged as the most productive institution, while the leading journal was the International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research.

    Conclusions: Although research on gamification has grown significantly, its application in physical education remains underexplored. This study reveals a gap in leveraging gamification to develop students' social skills in physical education. Future research should focus on integrating gamification in this context while considering sociocultural and technological factors to ensure inclusive and effective implementation.

    APA Citation Style
    Rusdiyanto, R. M. , & Kurniawan, A. W. (2025). Global trends of gamification in enhancing students’ social skills in physical education (2015–2025). Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 125-138. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i2.598
  • Open Access

    Out-of-Field Public Senior High School Teachers: Competencies in Teaching Physical Education

    John Clark Martos Mesias1
    1. Burauen Comprehensive National High School, Leyte Division , PH
    2022-10-28
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v1i2.137
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 28 October 2022
    |
    page 123-135
    Abstract

    Background: Making sure that Physical Education (PE) classes are staffed with qualified and trained PE teacher is the most indispensable ingredient to a quality PE program. Only certified PE teachers should be given the accountability of teaching the skills and giving instruction that our young people need to adopt and maintain a physically active routine.

    Objectives: The purpose of this qualitative study was to draw out the lived experiences of out-of-field public Senior High School teachers on teaching Physical Education, identify the trainings and seminars’ relevant to their professional development and advancement.

    Methods: Through the descriptive narrative method, 22 out-of-field public senior high school teachers who were teaching PE from Areas 2A and 2B in Leyte Division served as participants and results derived from the interviews were coded and transcribed to come up with themes and sub-themes that follows: content knowledge with sub-themes; mastery of skills taught, sports-related trainings and dance pedagogy; pedagogical skills with sub-themes promotion of cooperative learning, stimulation of assigning leaders per group activities, inclusion of appropriate assessment tool or rubrics, and assurance of learners’ safety.

    Results: The study confirms that mastery of subject discipline is essential to a teacher. Teaching PE subjects is more than the theory; it delves more on skills demonstration and acquisition. If teachers are expert in the field they teach, they can demonstrate the skills, clearly answer students’ questions, and lessen the workload as they have but minor adjustment as far as the subject matter is concerned.

    Conclusion: This study confirms that mastery of the content is essential in the teaching-learning process. Teaching PE subjects is not all about imparting the content of the subject theoretically; it more on skills demonstration and acquisition.

    APA Citation Style
    Mesias, J. C. M. (2022). Out-of-Field Public Senior High School Teachers: Competencies in Teaching Physical Education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 123-135. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v1i2.137
  • Open Access

    Teachers’ Management in Implementation of CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) 39, Series of 2021 towards the Achievement of Students’ Learning Outcomes in Physical Education

    John Michael Aquino1
    1. Laguna State Polytechnic University , PH
    2023-04-20
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v2i1.190
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 20 April 2023
    |
    page 26-43
    Abstract

    Background: The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) has issued Memorandum Order (CMO) No. 39, Series of 2021 that strengthens the management of physical education teachers and promotes the achievement of students’ learning outcomes. Higher education institutions will guarantee that they are adhering to the requirements of the CMO to ensure the quality of instruction in physical education and the improvement of the students’ learning outcomes.

    Objectives: This research aims to investigate the process of implementation of the CMO 39, Series of 2021 and its contribution to the improvement of student learning outcomes in Physical Education (PE).

    Methods: Through a qualitative research design based on a phenomenological approach, the researchers employed a purposive sampling method to select 9 male and 3 female PE teachers from Higher Learning Institution in the Philippines. A non-test instrument consisting of an interview guide was used to collect data from the study participants. The data was then analyzed to identify themes and patterns that emerged from the responses.

    Results: The study revealed the effectiveness of physical education in terms of student motivation, class orientation, students’ participation, and the application of the Physical Activity Towards Health and Fitness (PATHFIT) program. The findings show that physical education is an important part of the educational process and has a direct influence on the students' learning outcomes. Furthermore, the study also highlights the importance of providing students with the necessary knowledge and skills to succeed, and of assessing the students' abilities from their performance to achieve course objective with good behavior and attitude.

    Conclusion: It showed potential areas of improvement in the implementation process to ensure that the objectives of the memorandum are achieved, which is necessary for teachers to be aware of the competencies that need to be developed for students. This research will contribute to the existing literature on the importance of quality assurance programs, particularly in the area of physical education.

    APA Citation Style
    Aquino, J. M. (2023). Teachers’ Management in Implementation of CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) 39, Series of 2021 towards the Achievement of Students’ Learning Outcomes in Physical Education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 26-43. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v2i1.190
  • Open Access

    Promoting gender responsiveness in teaching physical education

    Ryan Cazel Lalog1
    1. Batangas State University , PH
    2025-04-04
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.392
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 04 April 2025
    |
    page 1-14
    Abstract

    Background: Implementing gender policies in physical education at Batangas State University remains moderate, with challenges in ensuring gender-responsive and equitable activities for male and female students. Issues such as students' self-confidence, self-perception, and limited gender mainstreaming strategies and resources hinder the development of a more inclusive learning environment.

    Objectives: This study examined gender policy implementation, the use of strategies and resources in various physical education activities, differences in male and female instructors' assessments, challenges in gender mainstreaming, and the development of gender-responsive activities.

    Methods: A descriptive research method was used, collecting data from 105 university physical education instructors (77 males, 28 females) through a researcher-made survey questionnaire.

    Results: Findings revealed that gender policies were moderately implemented (mean score: 3.47), while both male (3.67) and female (3.63) instructors highly utilized strategies and resources in physical fitness, rhythmic activities, individual and dual sports, and team sports. No significant differences were observed in male and female educators' assessments, indicating shared perspectives on gender mainstreaming.

    Conclusions: The study emphasizes the need for more vigorous policy enforcement and improvements in sports-related content to enhance gender inclusivity. Addressing self-confidence, self-perception, and individual differences is crucial for fostering equitable learning experiences. Universities should provide continuous professional development for PE instructors on gender-sensitive teaching strategies. Future research should explore the long-term impact of gender-responsive approaches on student engagement, performance, and overall well-being in physical education.

    APA Citation Style
    Lalog, R. C. (2025). Promoting gender responsiveness in teaching physical education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.392
  • Open Access

    Enhancing locomotor skills in preschoolers through play jump rope

    Nancy Trisari Schiff1, Andy Supriady2
    1. Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) Pasundan , ID
    2. Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) Pasundan , ID
    2026-04-14
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.652
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 14 April 2026
    |
    page 135-146
    Abstract

    Background: Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS), particularly in the Locomotor Skills domain, are an essential prerequisite for lifelong physical participation. However, the dominance of a sedentary lifestyle threatens young children's mastery of these skills.

    Objectives: This study aims to test and prove the effectiveness of the jump rope play intervention program in improving locomotor skills in 5–6-year-old children.

    Methods: This research uses a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 19 males and 11 females, for a total of 30 children. Locomotor skills are measured objectively using the Locomotor subtest of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). The Jump Rope Game intervention was implemented in a structured manner over 8 weeks (3 sessions/week). The data were analyzed using the Paired-Samples T-Test.

    Results: The research results show a highly significant improvement in locomotor skills scores after the intervention. The average score increased from 23.30 on the pretest to 27.87 on the posttest, reflecting a 19.61% increase. The paired-samples t-test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05), confirming that the difference between the two measurements was statistically significant.

    Conclusions: Jump rope games have proven to be an effective, efficient, and enjoyable intervention for significantly improving young children's locomotor skills. This research recommends integrating inexpensive, easily accessible play-based activities into the early childhood education curriculum as a practical strategy to support physical literacy and address basic movement deficits.

    APA Citation Style
    Schiff, N. T. , & Supriady, A. (2026). Enhancing locomotor skills in preschoolers through play jump rope. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 135-146. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.652
  • Open Access

    Structural relationships between service quality, communication, motivation, and athlete satisfaction in basketball Indonesia

    Fajar Gumilang H.M1, Agung Nugroho2, Rumpis Agus Sudarko3, Fauzi Fauzi4, Fajar Sriwahyuniati5
    1. Yogyakarta State University , ID
    2. Yogyakarta State University , ID
    3. Yogyakarta State University , ID
    4. Yogyakarta State University , ID
    5. Yogyakarta State University , ID
    2026-04-09
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.691
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 09 April 2026
    |
    page 113-124
    Abstract

    Background: Many basketball clubs aim to enhance athlete satisfaction through service quality, communication, and motivation; however, empirical evidence validating these factors as measurable constructs remains limited.

    Objectives: This study examines whether these variables function as latent constructs influencing athlete satisfaction and validates their measurement structure using confirmatory factor analysis.

    Methods: This study used a quantitative survey and included 263 basketball athletes from various clubs in Sidoarjo, comprising 110 males and 153 females. The participant characteristics focused on players still in the developmental stage who had been actively participating in club training programs for 3 to 6 months, with educational levels ranging from junior high school to college. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a valid and reliable Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via AMOS 22.

    Results: The results demonstrate that service quality (β=0.337, ????=0.000) and communication (β=0.439, ????=0.000) significantly enhance motivation. Furthermore, motivation significantly affects athlete satisfaction (β = 0.582, ???? = 0.000). Crucially, the analysis confirms that motivation mediates the relationship between service quality (indirect effect=0.139) and communication (indirect effect=0.240) on satisfaction.

    Conclusions: Theoretically, this study confirms motivation as a vital psychological mediator linking managerial inputs to athlete satisfaction. In practice, the findings demonstrate that while high-quality physical facilities provide a necessary structural foundation, they must be integrated with effective, supportive coaching communication to optimally ignite athletes' intrinsic drive and maximize their overall club experience.
    APA Citation Style
    H.M, F. G. , Nugroho, A. , Sudarko, R. A. , Fauzi, F. , & Sriwahyuniati, F. (2026). Structural relationships between service quality, communication, motivation, and athlete satisfaction in basketball: Indonesia. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 113-124. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.691
  • Open Access

    A critical analysis of the disconnection between science and practice in weight training

    Ferdinando Cereda1
    1. The Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan , IT
    2025-04-07
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.499
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 07 April 2025
    |
    page 46-59
    Abstract

    Background: Resistance training (RT) has emerged as a powerful tool for health promotion, with substantial scientific evidence supporting its beneficial effects across multiple physiological systems and psychological domains. Despite this robust knowledge base, a significant disconnection persists between scientific evidence and practical implementation in both clinical and everyday settings.

    Objectives: This study aims to critically examine this science-practice gap by analyzing common misconceptions surrounding RT and proposing strategies to enhance knowledge translation.

    Methods: Through a narrative review of scientific literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, the research synthesizes evidence regarding RT's scientifically validated benefits, prevalent myths, and effective communication approaches.

    Results: Findings show a concerning lack of scientific awareness among practitioners and end-users. Persistent misconceptions, such as "RT reduces flexibility" and "plant-based proteins are inferior for muscle hypertrophy," continue to circulate despite contradictory evidence.

    Conclusions: Improved scientific communication via targeted educational programs, digital platforms, and collaboration between researchers and policymakers is urgently needed to bridge this gap and maximize RT’s public health impact.

    APA Citation Style
    Cereda, F. (2025). A critical analysis of the disconnection between science and practice in weight training. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 46-59. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.499
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