Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research

View Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research

Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research (PESSR), Volume 3, Number 1 (2024), features 5 scientific publications, all classified as original research articles, with 19 authorship contributions representing 19 individual researchers from 6 countries.

The geographical distribution of author affiliations covers Brazil (8 author contributions), the Netherlands (5), Indonesia (2), the Philippines (2), Saudi Arabia (1), and the United States (1). These contributions represent 13 academic, educational, and professional institutions across 6 countries.

Institutional affiliations in Indonesia include STKIP Nahdlatul Ulama Indramayu (1 author contribution, West Java) and the Indonesian Institute of the Arts Denpasar (1, Bali).

International institutional affiliations include Maastricht University (2 author contributions) and Football Club Utrecht (3) in the Netherlands; Batangas State University (1) and Padre Garcia Integrated National High School (1) in the Philippines; King Saud University (1) in Saudi Arabia; Auburn University (1) in the United States; and five Brazilian institutions: Federal University of Catalão (1), IMEPAC University Center (1), Federal University of Acre (2), Federal University of Uberlândia (2), and Federal University of Mato Grosso (2).

This issue reflects international scholarly contributions covering physical education, sports pedagogy, sports science, injury epidemiology, and exercise physiology. The published studies address learning motivation within the Merdeka Curriculum, associations between external training load and injury incidence in professional and elite-youth football, school leaders' and teachers' perspectives on physical education capabilities, meaningful experiences in sport education, and relationships between blood lactate and salivary biomarkers during exercise among women with hypothyroidism treated with L-thyroxine.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1
Published: 2024-04-19

Original Research

  • The Impact of the Sports Education Athletic Season on the Learning Motivation as Supporters of the Kurikulum Merdeka

    Agi Ginanjar1, Reni Anggraeni2
    1. STKIP Nahdlatul Ulama Indramayu, Indonesia , ID
    2. Indonesian Institute of the Arts Denpasar, Indonesia , ID
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1.315
    Published Online: 12 March 2024
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    766 views | 432 downloads | page 1-9
    Abstract

    Background: Physical education learning in Indonesia has had to switch to using the Kurikulum Merdeka which focuses more on students as the center of learning with project reports and project themes. Motivation is very important for students in following the learning process. Sport Education is a learning strategy that facilitates students and teachers with projects in the learning process and can increase student learning motivation.

    Objectives: The aim of the research was to examine the influence of SE on learning motivation in MTs students.

    Methods: The research method used in this research uses an experimental research method with a one-shot case study design. Participants in this research were 48 students at one of the MTs in Indramayu Regency. The instrument in this research used a student learning motivation questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses a one-sample t test.

    Results: The results of this research obtained t count = 7.05 with Sig. 0.00 < 0.05, which means that there is an influence of SE on the learning motivation of MTs students.

    Conclusion: This research concludes that there is an influence of SE on learning motivation in Junior High Schoolstudents.

    APA Citation Style
    Ginanjar, A. , & Anggraeni, R. (2024). The Impact of the Sports Education Athletic Season on the Learning Motivation as Supporters of the Kurikulum Merdeka. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 3(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1.315

  • Association between External Load and Injury Incidence in Professional and Elite-Youth Football Players

    Georgios Georgiadis1, Rainer van Gaal Appelhof2, Rick Stoop3, Jeroen Peters4, Johannes Essers5
    1. Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , NL
    2. Football Club Utrecht, Herculesplein 241, 3584 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands , NL
    3. Football Club Utrecht, Herculesplein 241, 3584 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands , NL
    4. Football Club Utrecht, Herculesplein 241, 3584 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands , NL
    5. Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , NL
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1.316
    Published Online: 19 April 2024
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    1556 views | 939 downloads | page 10-25
    Abstract

    Background: Elite football players are monitored daily to minimize injury risks and maximize performance.

    Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate injury incidence differences between competition and training and differences in key external load indicators during 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-weeks prior to the injury (WPI) with respect to the season average week (SAW).

    Methods: Data of 224 unique players of five teams (1st, under-23, under-18, under-17, and under-16) were collected during 3.5 seasons of competition and training resulting in 467 player records in total. Collected data included kinematics from Global Positioning System tracking units (Viper Units, STATSports) and 528 injury incident records. External load was expressed in terms of acceleration counts (ACC), deceleration counts (DEC), total training time (TT), total distance (TD), and distance covered in high-speed zones: 14.4-19.7 km/h (Z4), 19.7-25.1 km/h (Z5), and >25.1 km/h (Z6). Injury incidence was derived as number of injuries per 1000 hours of exposure.

    Results: Incidence rate was on average 4-11 times higher during competition than training for all teams except under-16 (incidence rate: 2.5, p=.153). In the 1st Team, external load (i.e. ACC, TT, and TD) were significantly different between 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-WPI and SAW (p=.041, p=.037, and p=.049 respectively). For ACC and TT, the 3-WPI loads, were significantly higher than during SAW (p=.044 and p=.038, respectively).

    Conclusion: These findings can assist professionals and scientists to improve their understanding of the relationship between external load indicators and injury incidence and consequently improve player health and performance.

    APA Citation Style
    Georgiadis, G. , van Gaal Appelhof, R. , Stoop, R. , Peters, J. , & Essers, J. (2024). Association between External Load and Injury Incidence in Professional and Elite-Youth Football Players. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 3(1), 10-25. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1.316

  • Capabilities in Physical Education: A Comparative Analysis of School Heads’ and Teachers’ Perspectives

    Davidsol Mendoza1, Maryjane Calabia2
    1. Batangas State University , PH
    2. Padre Garcia Integrated National High School , PH
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1.347
    Published Online: 29 April 2024
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    1087 views | 405 downloads | page 26-45
    Abstract

    Background: Effective education delivery relies on PE teachers’ abilities. Research indicates that students’ school performance significantly depends on the quality of PE teaching.

    Objectives: This study focused on assessing instructional capabilities in physical education. Specifically, it examined how school heads and teachers evaluated teachers’ abilities in content knowledge, pedagogical skills, communication, and professionalism. Additionally, the study compared assessments between the two groups.

    Methods: The study employed a descriptive research design involving 98 physical education teachers and 59 school heads from the Division of Batangas City. Data collection utilized a researcher-made questionnaire and interviews. Statistical analysis involved weighted mean and independent t-tests for data interpretation.

    Results: The assessment revealed valuable insights regarding PE teachers’ instructional capabilities. Administrators acknowledged strengths in lesson introduction and accurate content delivery. However, areas for improvement included integrating key elements and promoting higher-order thinking skills. PE teachers felt confident introducing lessons but recognized a need to refine performance demonstrations. Administrators praised diverse teaching methods but suggested creating more challenging experiences. Communication skills were positive, with room for improvement in grammatical accuracy. PE teachers expressed dedication to student physical education but identified a need for more decisive leadership in school-based activities. The findings highlighted specific improvement needs while emphasizing contrasting perceptions between administrators and PE teachers.

    Conclusion: The assessment found that physical education (PE) teachers are capable in delivering junior high school PE. However, they need familiarity with emerging trends to enhance instruction. School heads and PE teachers have differing views on instructional capabilities, attributed to assessment sources: administrators rely on scheduled observations, while PE instructors use self-assessment and daily teaching experiences.

    APA Citation Style
    Mendoza, D. , & Calabia, M. (2024). Capabilities in Physical Education: A Comparative Analysis of School Heads’ and Teachers’ Perspectives. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 3(1), 26-45. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1.347

  • An Examination of Meaningful Experiences During Sport Education

    Ali Nasser Alshuraymi1, Peter Hastie2
    1. College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh , SA
    2. Auburn University , US
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1.355
    Published Online: 30 April 2024
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    1183 views | 704 downloads | page 46-56
    Abstract

    Background: In recent research years, there has been an increasing focus on the meaningfulness of physical education experiences. While it has been suggested that certain curriculum models such as sport education or cooperative learning provide opportunities for meaningful engagement in physical education, to date there has been no empirical study of those claims.

    Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantitatively examine students’ perceptions of meaningfulness in two physical education contexts: traditional multi-activity format, and sport education.

    Methods: Sixty seventh-grade students aged 12 to 14 completed a 20-item survey titled "Meaningful Experiences in Physical Education Survey (MEPES)" prior to and at the completion of one of three sport education seasons. The analysis consisted of independent samples t-test comparisons between the two contexts (previous physical education experiences, and sport education) for each of the five dimensions of meaningfulness. A Pearson correlation was conducted to examine if there were significant relationships between the five dimensions.

    Results: Results of the independent samples t-test showed that significantly higher levels of meaningfulness were identified from participation in sport education than in previous physical education for four of the five dimensions. Pearson's coefficient results indicated significant positive correlations between all five meaningfulness dimensions.

    Conclusion: Sport education has structural elements that promote a sense of meaningfulness within physical education.

    APA Citation Style
    Alshuraymi, A. N. , & Hastie, P. (2024). An Examination of Meaningful Experiences During Sport Education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 3(1), 46-56. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1.355

  • Correlation Between Blood Lactate and Salivary Biomarkers During Exercise in Women with Hypothyroidism Treated With L-Thyroxine

    Romeu Paulo Martins Silva1, Alexandre Gonçalves2, Carolina Freitas da Silva3, Miguel Júnior Sordi Bortolini4, Elmiro Santos Resende5, Luis Carlos Oliveira Gonçalves6, Aníbal Monteiro de Magalhães-Neto7, Foued Salmen Espindola8
    1. Federal University of Catalão, Brazil , BR
    2. IMEPAC University Center, Araguari - MG, 38444-128, Brazil , BR
    3. Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco - AC, 69920-900, Brazil , BR
    4. Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco - AC, 69920-900, Brazil , BR
    5. Federal University of Uberlandia - MG, 38405-320, Brazil , BR
    6. Federal University of Mato Grosso - MT, 78060-900, Brazil , BR
    7. Federal University of Mato Grosso - MT, 78060-900, Brazil , BR
    8. Federal University of Uberlandia - MG, 38405-320, Brazil , BR
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1.346
    Published Online: 05 May 2024
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    840 views | 400 downloads | page 57-76
    Abstract

    Background: Hypothyroidism reduces circulating levels of thyroid hormones metabolic enzymatic activities, and the skeletal muscle's work capacity and lactatemia increase during exertion.

    Objectives: To analyze salivary biomarkers and blood lactate obtained in exercise stages through exhaustion and investigate their correlation.

    Methods: Eight females attended the University Clinical Hospital who showed a condition of subclinical hypothyroidism. Before they began replacing with L-thyroxine, they were submitted to an ergometric test to check their tolerance to effort. Eight weeks after treatment, all volunteers were again submitted to lab and ergometric tests. Saliva and blood were collected to determine total protein, nitric oxide, IgA, lactate, and lipid profile.

    Results: The present study identified a correlation (0.8), so the behavior of the blood lactate could explain the behavior of the salivary of total proteins by 74.22% (R2 = 0.7422). Lactate production was minimized when women underwent L-thyroxine treatment in the first six stages of exercise. Still, total salivary proteins increased for pharmacotherapy between stages 1 and 8. While salivary nitric oxide had a percentage variation between pre- and post-exercise times of 96% before the start of treatment when the same exercise was performed after eight weeks of treatment with L-Thyroxine, this variation was 150%.

    Conclusion: The measurement of STP is an essential marker of stress, and it is highly correlated with the most used blood marker, lactate. Regarding treatment with L-Thyroxine in women with subclinical hypothyroidism, after eight weeks of this therapy, it was possible to observe a reduction in blood lactate production after the incremental load test on a cycle ergometer, accompanied by a reduction in the concentration of SA. SNO and SIgA tended to increase in women undergoing treatment, and this treatment should be considered in subsequent studies as causing a different effect on these markers.

    APA Citation Style
    Silva, R. P. M. , Gonçalves, A. , Silva, C. F. D. , Bortolini, M. J. S. , Resende, E. S. , Gonçalves, L. C. O. , Magalhães-Neto, A. M. D. , & Espindola, F. S. (2024). Correlation Between Blood Lactate and Salivary Biomarkers During Exercise in Women with Hypothyroidism Treated With L-Thyroxine. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 3(1), 57-76. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1.346