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  • Open Access

    The combination of plyometric and ladder drills can improve acceleration and footwork skills in badminton players

    Muhammad Labib Siena Ar Rasyid1, Oce Wiriawan2, Afif Rusdiawan3, Laily Mita Andriana4, Enarnimas Dwi Ratna Damayanti5
    1. Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID
    2. Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID
    3. Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID
    4. Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID
    5. Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya , ID
    2026-03-08
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.669
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 08 March 2026
    |
    page 28-39
    Abstract

    Background: Recognized globally as the fastest racket sport in the world, badminton demands exceptional acceleration and footwork skills for competitive success. However, many intermediate players often struggle to produce the explosive power needed for fast-paced rallies. To enhance these physical attributes, targeted training interventions, such as a hybrid regimen of plyometric and ladder drills, are often required.

    Objectives: This study aims to analyze the efficacy of integrating plyometric exercises with ladder drills in enhancing acceleration and footwork proficiency among badminton players.

    Methods: This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group. Through purposive sampling, 24 male participants (aged 14-16 years) with at least 2 years of training experience, good health, and no history of recent injuries were selected. They were assigned to either the PLD Group (age: 15.00 ± 0.74 years; height: 162.00 ± 0.07 cm; weight: 50.58 ± 5.68 kg; BMI: 19.20 ± 0.88 kg/m²) or the CV Group (age: 15.00 ± 0.85 years; height: 162.08 ± 0.08 cm; weight: 51.75 ± 8.05 kg; BMI: 19.59 ± 1.56 kg/m²). The intervention spanned six weeks, with three sessions per week. Performance in acceleration was assessed using a 10-meter sprint, and footwork skills were assessed using the footwork skills test (Tohar version) pre- and post-intervention. Data analysis employed the Wilcoxon signed-rank and the Mann-Whitney tests.

    Results: The Wilcoxon analysis indicated that both the PLD and CV Groups achieved improvements in acceleration and footwork skills (p<0.05). However, the Mann-Whitney test revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups, with the PLD Group demonstrating superior gains in both acceleration (p<0.05) and footwork skills (p<0.05) compared to the CV Group.

    Conclusions: Integrating plyometric training and ladder drills is an effective strategy for significantly improving acceleration and footwork skills in badminton players.

    APA Citation Style
    Rasyid, M. L. S. A. , Wiriawan, O. , Rusdiawan, A. , Andriana, L. M. , & Damayanti, E. D. R. (2026). The combination of plyometric and ladder drills can improve acceleration and footwork skills in badminton players. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 28-39. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.669
  • Open Access

    Immediate effect of thoracic spinal manipulation versus passive stretching on upper trapezius pain in university students: A randomized controlled trial

    Sherin Nada Salsabila1, Adnan Faris Naufal2
    1. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID
    2. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID
    2025-11-26
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.634
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 26 November 2025
    |
    page 250-265
    Abstract

    Background: Pain disorders in the upper trapezius muscle are often experienced by students due to non-ergonomic postures and excessive duration of device use. Interventions such as spinal manipulation and stretching exercises are non-invasive interventions often used to reduce pain and improve muscle function.

    Objectives: This study compares the effectiveness of two interventions in reducing trapezius muscle pain among university students.

    Methods: This randomized controlled trial involved 40 physiotherapy students divided equally into two intervention groups. Group I received thoracic spinal manipulation, and Group II received passive stretching. Each intervention was administered in a single 15-minute session. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and immediately after treatment. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test for within-group comparisons and the Mann–Whitney U test for between-group analysis, with an alpha level of 0.05.

    Results: The Wilcoxon test revealed a significant decrease in pain within both groups (Group I: median pre 4.5 [3.63–5] to post 2.5 [1.50–3.38], p = 0.000, r = 0.879; Group II: median pre 4.25 [3–5] to post 1 [0.13–3], p = 0.000, r = 0.84), indicating a significant effect of both interventions. The Mann–Whitney U test showed no statistically significant difference in pain reduction between the two groups (median pain difference = 2 [1–3] for both, U = 186.5, Z = –0.375, p = 0.707, r = 0.06).

    Conclusions: Both thoracic spinal manipulation and passive stretching were effective in reducing upper trapezius pain immediately after a single session, but no significant difference was found between the two interventions. These findings suggest that both approaches provide comparable short-term benefits; however, further research with larger samples, multiple sessions, and more extended follow-up periods is needed to confirm their long-term efficacy.

    APA Citation Style
    Salsabila, S. N. , & Naufal, A. F. (2025). Immediate effect of thoracic spinal manipulation versus passive stretching on upper trapezius pain in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 250-265. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.634
  • Open Access

    Comparative analysis of plantar pressure distribution among football players across playing positions: A cross-sectional study

    Arif Pristianto1, Anindya Maghfira Zain2, Farid Rahman3, Pungki Indarto4, Anugrah Nur Warthadi5
    1. Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID
    2. Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID
    3. Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID
    4. Department of Sport Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID
    5. Department of Sport Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta , ID
    2026-04-01
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.692
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 01 April 2026
    |
    page 68-81
    Abstract

    Background: Football players exhibit different muscle activation patterns during different playing activities, which can affect plantar pressure on the feet. Uneven, unbalanced plantar pressure distribution can cause muscle tension, leading to musculoskeletal injuries in the feet.

    Objectives: This study aims to determine and compare plantar pressure distribution among football players based on playing position.

    Methods: This study is an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study consisted of 24 football players aged 15-18 years who met the inclusion criteria. Plantar pressure was measured using a Zebris Force Distribution Measurement (FDM) platform on the forefoot and rearfoot areas. Statistical analysis included normality tests (Shapiro-Wilk) and multivariate tests (ANOVA) according to data distribution.

    Results: Differences in plantar pressure were observed between defenders, forwards, and strikers in static conditions (p < 0.05), but not in dynamic conditions (p > 0.05).

    Conclusions: This study shows differences in plantar pressure distribution among football players in defender, forward, and striker positions under static conditions. However, under dynamic conditions, no significant differences were found among playing positions.

    APA Citation Style
    Pristianto, A. , Zain, A. M. , Rahman, F. , Indarto, P. , & Warthadi, A. N. (2026). Comparative analysis of plantar pressure distribution among football players across playing positions: A cross-sectional study. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 68-81. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.692
  • Open Access

    Association between External Load and Injury Incidence in Professional and Elite-Youth Football Players

    Georgios Georgiadis1, Rainer van Gaal Appelhof2, Rick Stoop3, Jeroen Peters4, Johannes Essers5
    1. Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , NL
    2. Football Club Utrecht, Herculesplein 241, 3584 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands , NL
    3. Football Club Utrecht, Herculesplein 241, 3584 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands , NL
    4. Football Club Utrecht, Herculesplein 241, 3584 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands , NL
    5. Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , NL
    2024-04-19
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1.316
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License OPEN ACCESS
    Published Online: 19 April 2024
    |
    page 10-25
    Abstract

    Background: Elite football players are monitored daily to minimize injury risks and maximize performance.

    Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate injury incidence differences between competition and training and differences in key external load indicators during 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-weeks prior to the injury (WPI) with respect to the season average week (SAW).

    Methods: Data of 224 unique players of five teams (1st, under-23, under-18, under-17, and under-16) were collected during 3.5 seasons of competition and training resulting in 467 player records in total. Collected data included kinematics from Global Positioning System tracking units (Viper Units, STATSports) and 528 injury incident records. External load was expressed in terms of acceleration counts (ACC), deceleration counts (DEC), total training time (TT), total distance (TD), and distance covered in high-speed zones: 14.4-19.7 km/h (Z4), 19.7-25.1 km/h (Z5), and >25.1 km/h (Z6). Injury incidence was derived as number of injuries per 1000 hours of exposure.

    Results: Incidence rate was on average 4-11 times higher during competition than training for all teams except under-16 (incidence rate: 2.5, p=.153). In the 1st Team, external load (i.e. ACC, TT, and TD) were significantly different between 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-WPI and SAW (p=.041, p=.037, and p=.049 respectively). For ACC and TT, the 3-WPI loads, were significantly higher than during SAW (p=.044 and p=.038, respectively).

    Conclusion: These findings can assist professionals and scientists to improve their understanding of the relationship between external load indicators and injury incidence and consequently improve player health and performance.

    APA Citation Style
    Georgiadis, G. , van Gaal Appelhof, R. , Stoop, R. , Peters, J. , & Essers, J. (2024). Association between External Load and Injury Incidence in Professional and Elite-Youth Football Players. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 10-25. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i1.316
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