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Unveiling the digital gym: A phenomenological dive into online physical education pedagogy
Princes Lloyda Peralta11. Saint Louis College , PH2025-04-04|page 15-31AbstractBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a rapid shift to online learning, posing significant challenges for traditionally hands-on subjects like Physical Education (PE). Limited student engagement, digital accessibility issues, and the need for pedagogical adaptation became major concerns for PE instructors.
Objectives: This study aims to explore the lived experiences of PE instructors in adapting to online instruction, identifying the strategies, challenges, and innovations they employed to maintain instructional effectiveness.
Methods: A qualitative research design utilizing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was adopted to gain deep insights into instructors’ experiences. Purposive sampling was used to select seven PE instructors from urban and rural institutions, ensuring diverse teaching contexts. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis was conducted to identify key adaptation strategies.
Results: Five major themes emerged from the findings: (1) Adaptation to Online Instruction, where instructors restructured their teaching approaches to accommodate digital platforms; (2) Effective Use of Digital Tools, emphasizing the role of online resources in enhancing instructional delivery; (3) Innovative Approaches to Engagement, detailing gamification techniques and interactive pedagogies; (4) Equitable Access Strategies, addressing disparities in internet connectivity and learning resources; and (5) Assessment of Success and Progress, highlighting novel evaluation methods tailored for online PE instruction. These themes collectively form the "Navigating Instructional Delivery Through Innovation, Technology, Engagement, and Equity" framework.
Conclusions: The study provides valuable insights into how PE instructors have innovatively adapted to online learning, ensuring student engagement and equitable access to education. The findings offer implications for policy-making, teacher training programs, and the future integration of technology in PE instruction. Future research should explore student perspectives and the long-term impact of digital PE on learning outcomes.
APA Citation StylePeralta, P. L. (2025). Unveiling the digital gym: A phenomenological dive into online physical education pedagogy. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 15-31. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.474 -
Fun game–based learning improves gross motor skills in early primary school children
Ahmad Muttaqin Darussalam1, Sugiharto Sugiharto2, Sapto Adi31. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID2025-11-23|page 236-249AbstractBackground: Children who face difficulties in gross motor skill development may withdraw from physical activities, experience low self-esteem, and suffer from social anxiety. Physical education plays a vital role in fostering gross motor development, especially when delivered through enjoyable and engaging activities such as fun games.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of fun game–based learning on the development of gross motor skills in early primary school children.
Methods: The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group. A total of 36 second-grade students from SDIT Mutiara Hati in Malang participated in this study. Participants were assigned to one of three groups: a control group, a group-based fun games intervention, and an individual-based fun games intervention. The interventions were implemented three times a week for 30 minutes over a period of seven weeks. Gross motor skills were measured before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development–Third Edition (TGMD-3), a reliable and validated instrument. Data were analyzed using homogeneity and normality tests, paired-sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD post hoc tests, with a significance level set at p < 0.05 (SPSS version 25).
Results: Both the individual and group fun game–based learning interventions produced significant improvements in gross motor skills compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant difference was found between the two intervention types, indicating that the mode of fun game delivery influences outcomes (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Fun game–based learning, whether delivered individually or in groups, effectively enhances gross motor skills among early primary school children. Additionally, individual fun game–based learning demonstrated a significantly greater improvement compared to group-based learning.APA Citation StyleDarussalam, A. M. , Sugiharto, S. , & Adi, S. (2025). Fun game–based learning improves gross motor skills in early primary school children. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 236-249. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.613 -
Enhancing locomotor skills in preschoolers through play jump rope
Nancy Trisari Schiff1, Andy Supriady21. Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) Pasundan , ID2. Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) Pasundan , ID2026-04-14|page 135-146AbstractBackground: Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS), particularly in the Locomotor Skills domain, are an essential prerequisite for lifelong physical participation. However, the dominance of a sedentary lifestyle threatens young children's mastery of these skills.
Objectives: This study aims to test and prove the effectiveness of the jump rope play intervention program in improving locomotor skills in 5–6-year-old children.
Methods: This research uses a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 19 males and 11 females, for a total of 30 children. Locomotor skills are measured objectively using the Locomotor subtest of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). The Jump Rope Game intervention was implemented in a structured manner over 8 weeks (3 sessions/week). The data were analyzed using the Paired-Samples T-Test.
Results: The research results show a highly significant improvement in locomotor skills scores after the intervention. The average score increased from 23.30 on the pretest to 27.87 on the posttest, reflecting a 19.61% increase. The paired-samples t-test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05), confirming that the difference between the two measurements was statistically significant.
Conclusions: Jump rope games have proven to be an effective, efficient, and enjoyable intervention for significantly improving young children's locomotor skills. This research recommends integrating inexpensive, easily accessible play-based activities into the early childhood education curriculum as a practical strategy to support physical literacy and address basic movement deficits.
APA Citation StyleSchiff, N. T. , & Supriady, A. (2026). Enhancing locomotor skills in preschoolers through play jump rope. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 135-146. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i1.652 -
The Efficacy of Virtual Physical Education and Its Contribution to Raising Learners' Interest and Engagement Levels
Dickson Mdhlalose11. National Electronic Media Institute of South Africa , ZA2024-10-25|page 96-115AbstractBackground: Schools are reluctant to adapt physical education to virtual as it would be challenging to do physical education via virtual learning.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the contemporary efficacy of virtual physical education and its contribution to raising learners' interest and engagement levels.
Methods: This study employed an exploratory research design. The content was compiled using various printed and electronic textbooks, encyclopedias, reference materials, scholarly publications, and dissertations. Subsequently, the author assessed the multiple sources to ascertain the data's caliber.
Results: Conventional education is obsolete; thus, schools should adopt virtual physical education due to its positive outcomes in education regarding learners' performance by increasing learners' interest and engagement.
Conclusion: A properly planned and well-implemented virtual physical education, well-trained and experienced educators, well-guided learners, proper infrastructure, and supporting resources result in learners being interested and engaged, thus leading virtual physical education to success. This study bridges the gap between virtual physical education and learners' interest and engagement, adding to the existing corpus of information concerning virtual physical education.
APA Citation StyleMdhlalose, D. (2024). The Efficacy of Virtual Physical Education and Its Contribution to Raising Learners' Interest and Engagement Levels. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 96-115. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i2.364 -
Maximizing the Use of Google Sites in Delivering Instruction in Physical Education Classes
Carla Jobelle Culajara11. Sta. Catalina National High School, Department of Education , PH2022-07-08|page 79-90AbstractBackground: Being inventive and creative in offering effective and efficient teaching and learning processes is one of the priorities of any teacher, especially Physical Education teachers, as the delivery of instruction to students evolves. With these, this study proves and illuminates the usefulness of Google sites in delivering physical education teaching.
Objectives: This research aims to determine the effects of Google sites as a medium for delivering Physical Education on the learning outcomes of Grade 10 students in one of the secondary schools in the Philippines. Its specific aims were to: (1) determine the impact of Google sites on availability, functionality, and goals, and (2) establish an enhancement program based on the study's findings.
Methods: The study utilized a quantitative research design with descriptive approach accompany with survey questionnaire. The purposive sampling was utilized to 106 students from secondary schools in the Philippines.
Results: As the findings of the study geared toward its effectiveness in terms of functionality, availability and learning experience, it shows that most of the lessons delivered and maximizing Google sites as a tool in delivering instruction were appreciated by the students where students were mostly “Strongly Agree” with the responses. With this tool in delivering instruction, it shows light that students can easily understand the lesson in learning and doing tasks using Google sites.
Conclusion: This study sheds light on the effective and efficient use of Google sites in delivering instruction in PE classes particularly offers a safe learning virtual environment, accessibility to the learning materials and learned using their own time and autonomy in learning. Using Google Sites to the fullest extent possible in Physical Education classes.
APA Citation StyleCulajara, C. J. (2022). Maximizing the Use of Google Sites in Delivering Instruction in Physical Education Classes. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 79-90. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v1i2.115












