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  • Development and evaluation of a web-based interactive flashcard tool (Aero’Zen) for low-impact rhythmic activity instruction in physical education

    Zenny Ni'matul Ulya1, Donny Anhar Fahmi2, Ibnu Fatkhu Royana3
    1. Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Physical Education, Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID
    2. Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Physical Education, Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID
    3. Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Physical Education, Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID
    2026-08-31
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i2.761
    Published Online: 31 August 2026
    |
    page 233-247
    Abstract

    Background: Teaching rhythmic activities in physical education continues to face challenges due to the limited availability of visual learning aids that demonstrate movements systematically, repeatedly, and accessibly.

    Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate Aero’Zen, a web-based interactive flashcard tool integrating movement illustrations, QR codes, and demonstration videos for basic low-impact rhythmic activities.

    Methods: This research and development study employed the ADDIE model. Following product development and expert validation, learning outcomes were evaluated using a one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design involving 30 tenth-grade students at SMK Negeri 2 Semarang. Product feasibility was assessed by media experts, subject matter experts, and a physical education practitioner. Pretest and posttest scores were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality and paired-samples t-tests, with the significance level set at α = .05.

    Results: Aero’Zen was rated highly suitable by media experts (95.75%), subject matter experts (94.50%), and a physical education practitioner (88.75%). Mean scores increased from 75.40 to 89.97 in the cognitive domain, from 28.80 to 32.77 in the affective domain, and from 19.87 to 32.00 in the psychomotor domain. Paired-samples t-tests revealed significant differences between pretest and posttest scores across all three domains (all p < .001).

    Conclusions: Aero’Zen is a highly suitable web-based learning medium with the potential to support students’ cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning outcomes, including movement coordination and performance, in low-impact rhythmic activities. Its integrated flashcards, QR-code access, and demonstration videos provide a flexible resource for repeated and independent learning. Future studies should use randomized controlled trials with larger and more diverse samples to strengthen causal inference and generalizability.

    APA Citation Style
    Ulya, Z. N. , Fahmi, D. A. , & Royana, I. F. (2026). Development and evaluation of a web-based interactive flashcard tool (Aero’Zen) for low-impact rhythmic activity instruction in physical education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 233-247. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v5i2.761
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