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Impact of five-cone and ladder drill training on agility among U15 football athletes
Pupuh Harya Prembanyu1, Agus Wiyanto2, Setiyawan Setiyawan31. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID3. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2025-11-26|page 266-274AbstractBackground: Although it may seem simple, soccer has complex characteristics, which is why many children are attracted to training at soccer schools. Agility is a crucial aspect of the game, as it enables a player to move quickly, evade opponents, and control the ball effectively. At the Pemalang Regency Bina Talenta Soccer School (SSB), agility training is not conducted optimally and has not been implemented systematically with effective methods. Therefore, exercises such as the five-cone and ladder drills need to be implemented to improve player agility more effectively.
Objectives: This study aims to examine the impact of five-cone and ladder drill training on the agility of U15 football athletes.
Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a quasi-experimental approach. The experimental design was a pretest-posttest in two groups. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with 20 players participating in a four-week training program. The instrument to measure agility was the Illinois Agility Test, with a validity level of r = 0.87. The measurement data were analyzed using a difference test with the help of SPSS software version 29.0.
Results: The five-cone drill and the ladder drill had a significant effect on agility, as both exercises had a significance value of <0.05. The five-cone drill was more effective than the ladder drill. This was due to the difference in scores between the five-cone drill, which increased by 1.04, and the ladder drill, which increased by 0.84.
Conclusions: Both training methods are effective in improving agility and can be integrated into school-based football training programs. Furthermore, the results of implementing these methods can enhance player performance and provide a valuable source of new knowledge for future researchers on agility in SSB players.
APA Citation StylePrembanyu, P. H. , Wiyanto, A. , & Setiyawan, S. (2025). Impact of five-cone and ladder drill training on agility among U15 football athletes. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 266-274. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.633 -
Performance anxiety among student table tennis players
Yumna Wahyuningsih1, Ibnu Fatkhu Royana2, Galih Dwi Pradipta31. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID3. Universitas PGRI Semarang , ID2025-12-18|page 318-331AbstractBackground: Anxiety is a common psychological factor that significantly affects athletic performance, especially in competitive settings. Student-athletes face dual pressures from academic responsibilities and athletic commitments, making them vulnerable to performance anxiety that can impair focus, concentration, and decision-making.
Objectives: This study aims to analyze performance anxiety among table tennis athletes in the Student Activity Unit (UKM) of Universitas PGRI Semarang and to examine differences in performance evaluation outcomes based on sources from internal and external factors.
Methods: A comparative quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach was used. Fifty athletes participated (n=25 assessed by internal factors, n=25 assessed by external factors). Anxiety/performance was measured using a self-report questionnaire consisting of 15 Likert-scale items (1-5 scale) validated by three sport psychology experts. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA after confirming normality (Shapiro-Wilk test) and homogeneity (Levene's test).
Results: The internal group had a higher mean score (M = 3.64, SD = 0.86) compared to the external group (M = 3.07, SD = 0.86). ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference, F(1,48) = 4.92, p = 0.031, η² = 0.093, with an estimated Cohen's d of approximately 0.66, indicating a medium effect size. These findings indicate that anxiety factors affect athletes' performance, with internal factors tending to score higher than external factors.
Conclusions: This study concludes that anxiety affects the performance of table tennis athletes in the Student Activity Unit (UKM) at Universitas PGRI Semarang. Specifically, internal factors such as self-confidence and perfectionism have been proven to have a greater impact than external factors.APA Citation StyleWahyuningsih, Y. , Royana, I. F. , & Pradipta, G. D. (2025). Performance anxiety among student table tennis players. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 318-331. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i3.618 -
Promoting gender responsiveness in teaching physical education
Ryan Cazel Lalog11. Batangas State University , PH2025-04-04|page 1-14AbstractBackground: Implementing gender policies in physical education at Batangas State University remains moderate, with challenges in ensuring gender-responsive and equitable activities for male and female students. Issues such as students' self-confidence, self-perception, and limited gender mainstreaming strategies and resources hinder the development of a more inclusive learning environment.
Objectives: This study examined gender policy implementation, the use of strategies and resources in various physical education activities, differences in male and female instructors' assessments, challenges in gender mainstreaming, and the development of gender-responsive activities.
Methods: A descriptive research method was used, collecting data from 105 university physical education instructors (77 males, 28 females) through a researcher-made survey questionnaire.
Results: Findings revealed that gender policies were moderately implemented (mean score: 3.47), while both male (3.67) and female (3.63) instructors highly utilized strategies and resources in physical fitness, rhythmic activities, individual and dual sports, and team sports. No significant differences were observed in male and female educators' assessments, indicating shared perspectives on gender mainstreaming.
Conclusions: The study emphasizes the need for more vigorous policy enforcement and improvements in sports-related content to enhance gender inclusivity. Addressing self-confidence, self-perception, and individual differences is crucial for fostering equitable learning experiences. Universities should provide continuous professional development for PE instructors on gender-sensitive teaching strategies. Future research should explore the long-term impact of gender-responsive approaches on student engagement, performance, and overall well-being in physical education.
APA Citation StyleLalog, R. C. (2025). Promoting gender responsiveness in teaching physical education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v4i1.392
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