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  • Analysis of strategy and implementation of head injury prevention programs: A case study of boxers at HAN Academy Malang

    Padantya Devin Sugito1
    1. State University of Malang , ID
    2026-01-05
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/sei.v1i2.646
    Published Online: 05 January 2026
    |
    page 99-110
    Abstract

    Background: Boxing is a high-risk combat sport with a high probability of head injuries, so effective prevention strategies are essential for athlete safety. However, empirical evidence on the implementation of head injury prevention programs at the training academy level is still limited.

    Objectives: This study aims to explore strategies and the practical implementation of head injury prevention at the HAN Boxing Academy, Malang.

    Methods: A qualitative case study design was used with purposive sampling. Four participants (one coach and three active athletes) were recruited. Data were collected through document review, direct observation, and semi-structured interviews, which consisted of 15 guiding questions. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, which involved data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Methodological triangulation was applied to enhance credibility.

    Results: Three main themes emerged: (1) systematic emphasis on basic defensive techniques to minimize head collisions, (2) mandatory and consistent use of head protection during training sessions, and (3) active supervision by coaches combined with a gradual rehabilitation protocol, including competition restrictions for up to six months after a serious head injury. Participants considered head protection effective in reducing the severity of impacts, although the residual risk of head injury was still acknowledged.

    Conclusions: Head injury prevention in academies is implemented through an integrated approach that combines technical skill development, the use of protective equipment, and continuous monitoring. To strengthen its effectiveness, it is recommended that structured injury prevention protocols be implemented and closer collaboration with medical professionals be fostered.
    APA Citation Style
    Sugito, P. D. (2026). Analysis of strategy and implementation of head injury prevention programs: A case study of boxers at HAN Academy Malang. Sport, Exercise, and Injury, 99-110. https://doi.org/10.56003/sei.v1i2.646

  • Injury trends in Pencak Silat: Impact of regulation changes on sparring athletes

    Jhenny Ayu Suryaningrum1, Mohamad Nizam Mohamed Shapie2
    1. State University of Malang , ID
    2. MARA University of Technology , MY
    2025-06-17
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/sei.v1i1.511
    Published Online: 17 June 2025
    |
    page 15-26
    Abstract

    Background: Pencak Silat is a martial arts sport with high physical contact intensity, resulting in a high risk of injury. To improve safety and sportsmanship, PERSILAT changed the competition rules in 2017. However, the impact of these changes on athlete injury rates is still debated.

    Objectives: This study aimed to compare injury rates between the old and new rules in the sparring category of Pencak Silat athletes.

    Methods: The study involved 40 sparring category Pencak Silat athletes in the Greater Malang area, aged 16-25 years, who had experience competing before and after implementing the new rules. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed descriptively quantitatively with percentage calculations.

    Results: The results showed a decrease in injury rates in the new rules compared to the old rules. 50.00% of respondents were injured 1-2 times under the new regulation, lower than 57.50% under the old regulation. The most common injury was bruising (27.06% under the new rules vs. 36.36% under the old rules), while dislocation injuries increased (18.82% vs. 15.58%). The most common injury was to the ankle. Most athletes stated that injuries affected their performance and daily activities.

    Conclusions: Rule changes have not eliminated the risk of injury in high-contact sports such as Pencak Silat. A decrease in bruising followed by increased dislocations suggests the need for more specific prevention strategies. This study contributes to understanding the impact of new regulations on athlete safety.

    APA Citation Style
    Suryaningrum, J. A. , & Shapie, M. N. M. (2025). Injury trends in Pencak Silat: Impact of regulation changes on sparring athletes. Sport, Exercise, and Injury, 15-26. https://doi.org/10.56003/sei.v1i1.511

  • Analysis of sports injuries in the implementation of the new 2023 regulations for the sport of Pencak Silat in the 17-35 age category

    Muhammad Miqdam Afis1
    1. State University of Malang , ID
    2026-01-05
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/sei.v1i2.641
    Published Online: 05 January 2026
    |
    page 80-89
    Abstract

    Background: The changes to the 2022/2023 Pencak Silat competition rules established by PESILAT are aimed at international standardization, but these changes have the potential to affect patterns and injury risks for athletes in competition categories involving intense physical contact.

    Objectives: This study aims to describe the types, frequency, and body parts injured, as well as athletes' perceptions of the impact of the implementation of the new 2023 regulations on injuries among 17-35-year-old competitive Pencak Silat athletes in Malang Regency.

    Methods: The study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 30 competitive Pencak Silat athletes (aged 17–35 years) selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected in March 2025 using a questionnaire distributed online via Google Forms. Data analysis was performed descriptively using frequencies and percentages, as well as simple comparative analysis based on gender.

    Results: Of the 30 respondents, the most commonly reported injuries were sprains (22.0%) and bruises (19.5%). The body parts most frequently injured were the lower extremities (feet and ankles, 20.7%), followed by the hands (14.1%). The most dominant factors causing injury were lack of warm-up (27.5%) and collision/physical contact (26.4%). A total of 64% of athletes (n = 19) stated that the implementation of the new 2023 regulations had a significant effect on the occurrence of injuries. Severe injuries such as fractures, ACL, and MCL were only found in male athletes with a low percentage, while minor injuries (bruises and sprains) were more commonly reported in female athletes.

    Conclusions: Soft tissue injuries, particularly sprains and bruises, are the most common types of injuries experienced by competitive Pencak Silat athletes, with injuries predominantly occurring in the lower extremities.
    APA Citation Style
    Afis, M. M. (2026). Analysis of sports injuries in the implementation of the new 2023 regulations for the sport of Pencak Silat in the 17-35 age category. Sport, Exercise, and Injury, 80-89. https://doi.org/10.56003/sei.v1i2.641
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