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Correlation analysis of vaccination coverage, positivity rate, and community mobility rate on COVID-19 effective reproductive rate: SIR modeling study from Indonesia
Meirina Nur Asih Susanti1, Siti Nurrochmah2, Lucky Radita Alma3, Supriyadi Supriyadi41. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID4. State University of Malang , ID2025-06-03|page 80-96AbstractBackground: Effective Reproduction Rate (Rt) is used to evaluate COVID-19 transmission; although Tegal City has the lowest cumulative cases in Central Java, the spread of the virus remains rapid. Intervention efforts are carried out through vaccination coverage, positivity rate, and level assessment as a shared responsibility to reduce the transmission rate.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the spread of COVID-19 with the intervention and to determine whether there is a correlation between the COVID-19 Rt Number and vaccination coverage, positivity rate, and level assessment situation in Tegal City.
Methods: Observational quantitative research design. The type of research used was SIR (Susceptible Infected Removed) mathematical modeling and descriptive analysis through an ecological study approach and Spearman correlation statistical analysis.
Results: The results of the study showed a decrease in the number of cases of vulnerable and infected subpopulations after public health interventions, followed by the results that the positivity rate and level assessment situation were significantly correlated with the strength of the relationship powerful to the Covid-19 Effective Reproductive Rate with values (r=0.856; p=0.00) and (r=-0.712; p=0.00), while vaccination coverage was not statistically significantly correlated with a value of (r=-0.209; p=0.137).
Conclusions: The positivity rate and COVID-19 level assessment situation were statistically significantly correlated to the effective reproductive rate of COVID-19 in Tegal City with a strong correlation. Meanwhile, vaccination coverage did not correlate statistically with effective reproductive rate. Further studies must evaluate the effectiveness of combined interventions (vaccination + testing + mobility restriction) in various epidemiological settings.
APA Citation StyleSusanti, M. N. A. , Nurrochmah, S. , Alma, L. R. , & Supriyadi, S. (2025). Correlation analysis of vaccination coverage, positivity rate, and community mobility rate on COVID-19 effective reproductive rate: SIR modeling study from Indonesia. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 80-96. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.534 -
The relationship between quality and quantity of antenatal care services and stunting in children 24–59 months of age
Aulia Pramesti1, Hartati Eko Wardani2, Tika Dwi Tama3, Anindya Hapsari41. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID4. State University of Malang , ID2025-06-14|page 97-113AbstractBackground: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem whose causes include unmet nutrition in pregnant women, lack of infant nutritional intake, and socioeconomic conditions. Dinoyo Health Center covers an area with a high stunting rate in Malang City, particularly Lowokwaru District. Previous research stated that the dominant factor causing stunting in toddlers is antenatal care (ANC).
Objectives: This study aims to determine whether stunting in toddlers in the Dinoyo Community Health Center area is caused by the quality and quantity of ANC.
Methods: The research method is observational analytic with a case-control design using a retrospective approach. The population was 1643 mothers taken from three villages: Tlogomas, Dinoyo, and Sumbersari. The research sample amounted to 69 people using purpose sampling. The research was conducted in February - March 2023. Quality measurement was based on a minimum 10T service standard, while quantity measurement was based on a minimum frequency of 4 visits using a checklist sheet instrument and MCH book with Chi-Square analysis.
Results: The results obtained for ANC quality with stunting p-value = 0.609 with OR value = 1.30 (95% CI: 0.47-3.55), while ANC quantity with stunting p-value = 0.864 with OR value = 1.09 (95% CI: 0.40-2.97).
Conclusions: It is concluded that the quality and quantity of antenatal care have no association with the incidence of stunting in children under 24-59 months in the Dinoyo Community Health Center (Puskesmas) area. These findings highlight the need for multifactor interventions beyond ANC to reduce stunting, such as improved maternal nutrition and environmental sanitation.
APA Citation StylePramesti, A. , Wardani, H. E. , Tama, T. D. , & Hapsari, A. (2025). The relationship between quality and quantity of antenatal care services and stunting in children 24–59 months of age. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 97-113. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.539 -
Compliance with family planning and its association with quality of life among Meranaw women in rural Philippines
Maslainie Aliola1, Hamdoni Pangandaman21. Mindanao State University - Marawi, Lanao Del Sur, 9700, Philippines , PH2. Mindanao State University, Marawi City , PH2026-05-24|page 1-13AbstractBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted access to essential health services, including family planning (FP), particularly in rural and underserved communities. These disruptions may influence women’s reproductive practices and overall quality of life (QoL).
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the level of family planning compliance and examine its influence on the quality of life among Meranaw women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed among 378 Meranaw women who were family planning users in selected municipalities of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. Data were collected from January to October 2022. A stratified random sampling technique was used based on municipal distribution to ensure proportional representation of respondents. A validated researcher-developed questionnaire assessed attitude- and practice-related compliance (CVI = 0.81–0.92; α = 0.79), while QoL was measured using the WHOQOL-BREF. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression.
Results: Respondents demonstrated high compliance in both attitude (mean = 3.61) and practice (mean = 3.41) domains. Overall QoL was rated very satisfactory (mean = 5.72), with the highest scores in the psychological (mean = 5.89) and relational (mean = 5.85) domains. Multiple regression analysis revealed that age (β = .319, p < .001), monthly income (β = –.097, p = .008), number of children (β = .395, p < .001), duration of FP use (β = .092, p = .034), and type of FP method (β = .129, p < .001) significantly predicted QoL. The model explained a substantial proportion of variance (R² = 0.974), indicating strong predictive capacity.
Conclusions: Meranaw women demonstrated high compliance with family planning practices despite pandemic-related constraints, thereby significantly improving the quality of life. Sustaining family planning services during public health crises is essential to maintaining women’s well-being, particularly in rural and culturally distinct populations.
APA Citation StyleAliola, M. , & Pangandaman, H. (2026). Compliance with family planning and its association with quality of life among Meranaw women in rural Philippines. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v2i1.698 -
Impact of large-scale social restrictions on air quality (NO₂, CO, O₃) during COVID-19: Surabaya case study, Indonesia
Asmaul Nur Fitria1, Supriyadi Supriyadi2, Muhammad Al-Irsyad3, Anindya Hapsari41. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID4. State University of Malang , ID2025-04-23|page 27-39AbstractBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic galvanized the world at the end of 2019. It was identified as an attack on humans and spread very quickly almost all over the world. As the person in charge of protecting the community, the government makes a policy that can suppress the spread of the COVID-19 virus.
Objectives: This study aims to determine whether implementing large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) in the COVID-19 period (2020 to 2021) impacts air quality in Surabaya City, East Java.
Methods: This quantitative research uses an Analysis of Secondary Data (ADS) approach by utilizing secondary data as the primary source. This research was conducted at the Surabaya City Environmental Service, East Java Province, in July - August 2021, with the total population being all the results of NO2, O3, and CO air quality measurements in 2020-2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020 to December 2021 at monitoring stations in Surabaya City. This study uses Wilcoxon test analysis.
Results: The results showed that implementing the first phase of large-scale social restrictions had no significant impact on NO₂ air quality in Surabaya City (p = 0.068). Implementing the transitional PSBB (second stage) had no significant impact on NO₂ air quality in Surabaya City (p = 0.068). Implementing the first and second phases of the PSBB has no significant impact on NO₂ air quality in Surabaya City (p = 0.173).
Conclusions: The implementation of PSBB Phase One and PSBB Phase Two (transition period) did not significantly impact the air quality of NO2, CO, or O3 gases in Surabaya City. This finding challenges the common assumption that lockdowns automatically improve air quality and emphasizes the need for more comprehensive environmental policies.
APA Citation StyleFitria, A. N. , Supriyadi, S. , Al-Irsyad, M. , & Hapsari, A. (2025). Impact of large-scale social restrictions on air quality (NO₂, CO, O₃) during COVID-19: Surabaya case study, Indonesia. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 27-39. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.528 -
Spatial mapping and correlation between healthy home coverage and tuberculosis incidence in Malang district
Fatma Lidya Zulfa1, Hartati Eko Wardani2, Tika Dwi Tama3, Anindya Hapsari4, Rara Warih Gayatri5, Erni Astutik61. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID4. State University of Malang , ID5. State University of Malang , ID6. Airlangga University , ID2025-04-23|page 1-16AbstractBackground: According to the Ministry of Health, 91% of active tuberculosis (TB) cases in Indonesia occur in crowded and slum areas. The Healthy Homes Program under the Healthy Indonesia Indicators (2010) aims to improve housing conditions in such areas to meet health standards. Malang District, with the second-highest housing density in East Java, ranks fifth in TB cases, suggesting residential exposure as a contributing factor.
Objectives: This study aims to map trends and examine the correlation between healthy home coverage and TB incidence in the Malang District Health Center Working Area 2019-2021.
Methods: The study was conducted in January-April 2023 at the Malang District Health Office with a unit of analysis of 39 health centers. The variables of this study were the coverage of healthy homes and the incidence of BTA-positive pulmonary TB. The study used a mixed ecological study and Pearson correlation test with secondary data from the Malang District Health Office and BPS.
Results: TB incidence showed a decreasing trend alongside increasing healthy home coverage. Nine health centers remained in high-incidence zones, and five exhibited poor housing coverage. Correlation analysis revealed a weak, negative relationship (r = -0.084). High TB incidence was still found in areas meeting healthy home criteria.
Conclusions: The incidence rate of BTA-positive pulmonary TB in the working area of the Malang District Health Center showed a downward trend for 3 years. Future research using individual data and other specific risk factors that may influence TB incidence is recommended.
APA Citation StyleZulfa, F. L. , Wardani, H. E. , Tama, T. D. , Hapsari, A. , Gayatri, R. W. , & Astutik, E. (2025). Spatial mapping and correlation between healthy home coverage and tuberculosis incidence in Malang district. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.532 -
Workplace stress and burnout among university lecturers in Indonesia and Malaysia: A systematic review of stressors, outcomes, and protective factors
Mimi Haryani Hassim1, Dian Puspitaningtyas Laksana2, Rachmy Rosyida Rais3, Ronal Surya Aditya41. University of Technology Malaysia , MY2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID4. Universitas Jember , ID2026-01-27|page 174-192AbstractBackground: Workplace stress and burnout have emerged as critical occupational health concerns among university lecturers, particularly amid increasing academic workloads, performance pressures, and organizational demands intensified during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite growing empirical attention, evidence remains fragmented, especially within Southeast Asian higher education contexts.
Objectives: This study aims to systematically review empirical research on workplace stress and burnout among university lecturers in Indonesia and Malaysia, with a focus on identifying key stressors, associated outcomes, and protective factors.
Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Peer-reviewed articles published in English were retrieved from the Scopus database using predefined search terms related to workplace stress, burnout, lecturers, and higher education in Indonesia and Malaysia. After screening and eligibility assessment, 19 studies published between 2004 and 2025 were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and findings were synthesized through qualitative narrative analysis due to study heterogeneity.
Results: The review reveals that workplace stress and burnout are prevalent among university lecturers in both countries. Major stressors include excessive workload, role ambiguity, performance-based evaluation systems, work–life imbalance, and limited organizational support. These stressors are consistently associated with adverse outcomes such as emotional exhaustion, reduced job satisfaction, impaired performance, and increased turnover intention. Protective factors, including social support, supportive leadership, emotional intelligence, and workplace spirituality, were found to mitigate stress and burnout effects.
Conclusions: Workplace stress and burnout among university lecturers in Indonesia and Malaysia are multifactorial and systemic issues embedded in contemporary academic work environments. Organizational- and policy-level interventions are essential to promote lecturer well-being and ensure sustainable academic careers.
APA Citation StyleHassim, M. H. , Laksana, D. P. , Rais, R. R. , & Aditya, R. S. (2026). Workplace stress and burnout among university lecturers in Indonesia and Malaysia: A systematic review of stressors, outcomes, and protective factors. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 174-192. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i2.674 -
Factors influencing desired family size among women of childbearing age in eastern Indonesia: Evidence from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey
Cindy Ade Aulia1, Siti Nurrochmah2, Lucky Radita Alma3, Supriyadi Supriyadi41. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID4. State University of Malang , ID2025-06-02|page 67-79AbstractBackground: Globally, Indonesia is the fourth most populous country. Based on the results of the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics census, it is known that the population of Indonesia in 2017 was around 261 million people, with an average number of children desired by women of childbearing age in East Nusa Tenggara Province of 2.9 or around three children per woman of childbearing age.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between marital status, age at first marriage, employment status, and the number of children desired.
Methods: This quantitative study uses a cross-sectional design and an observational analytic survey method. This study took survey data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. The study sample was women aged 15-49 years who were recorded as a selected sample in East Nusa Tenggara Province, totaling 1,929 women. Data analysis used the Chi-square test.
Results: The analysis showed that the p-value of marital status was 0.000, the p-value of age at first marriage was 0.000, and the p-value of employment status was 0.000, which means that there is a significant relationship between marital status, age at first marriage, and employment status with the number of children desired by women of childbearing age.
Conclusions: This study found that marital status, age at first marriage, and employment status were significantly associated with the number of children desired by women of childbearing age. The findings suggest the need for employment-based interventions and marriage education to reduce fertility preferences in areas with high TFR.
APA Citation StyleAulia, C. A. , Nurrochmah, S. , Alma, L. R. , & Supriyadi, S. (2025). Factors influencing desired family size among women of childbearing age in eastern Indonesia: Evidence from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 67-79. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.533 -
Development of snakes and ladders game to increase knowledge of the dangers of smoking among elementary school students: A quasi-experimental study in Malang, Indonesia
Novita Rizky Ramadhani1, Windi Chusniah Rachmawati2, Moch. Yunus3, Nurnaningsih Herya Ulfah41. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID4. State University of Malang , ID2025-04-23|page 53-66AbstractBackground: The smoking trend has now infected school-age children, with 19.2% of students aged 13-15 years in Indonesia and 2,859 children in Malang City recorded as active smokers, which is influenced by a lack of understanding of the dangers of smoking. Educational interventions such as Snakes and Ladders game-based health promotion media must be developed to build a culture of not smoking from an early age.
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to develop educational game media in the form of snakes and ladders as a tool for delivering health information about the dangers of smoking to students of Oro-Oro Dowo Malang State Elementary School.
Methods: Research and Development (R&D) type research with a one-group pretest and posttest trial aims to determine the effectiveness of the Snakes and Ladders game as a health promotion media on the dangers of smoking behavior. The subjects needed in this study are media experts, material experts, and students aged 9-13 years as research samples.
Results: The average result of increasing knowledge is 0.000 using the Wilcoxon test, so there is a difference in the average value of knowledge in the pretest and posttest data. In the feasibility test results, the assessment results were obtained in the very feasible category. Game media is effective and very feasible to be a health promotion media in efforts to promote the dangers of smoking in children.
Conclusions: The Snakes and Ladders game media developed is feasible to be a health promotion media in efforts to promote the dangers of smoking behavior in children. The Snakes and Ladders game media influences increasing students' knowledge of Oro-Oro Dowo Malang State Elementary School about the dangers of smoking. Further research needs to evaluate media's long-term impact and adaptation in various socio-cultural contexts.
APA Citation StyleRamadhani, N. R. , Rachmawati, W. C. , Yunus, M. , & Ulfah, N. H. (2025). Development of snakes and ladders game to increase knowledge of the dangers of smoking among elementary school students: A quasi-experimental study in Malang, Indonesia. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 53-66. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.530 -
Climate change and public health in Africa: A narrative review of resilience strategies for health systems
Kabiru Gulma1, Sa’adatu M. Julde2, Isman Wais3, Emmanuel Morna4, Abubakar S. Danbatta5, Bakam Rodine6, Anastacia Katungo Maluki71. School of Global Health and Bioethics, Euclid University, Banjul , GM2. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano , NG3. Euclid Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale de Djibouti , DJ4. Doctoral Programme in Monitoring, Measurement and Evaluation, Euclid University, Bangui , CF5. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano , NG6. Doctoral Programme in Global Energy Policy, Euclid University, Douala , CM7. Doctoral Programme in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Euclid University, Banjul , GM2026-05-24|page 25-40AbstractBackground: Climate change poses an escalating threat to public health in Africa, a continent responsible for less than 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions yet disproportionately bearing the burden of its consequences. Existing health systems remain fragile, under-resourced, and ill-equipped to absorb climate-related shocks.
Objectives: To synthesize evidence on the health impacts of climate change in Africa and identify strategies for building climate-resilient health systems.
Methods: This study is a narrative literature review. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed databases and gray literature was conducted. Sources were screened against predefined inclusion criteria and synthesized thematically across six domains: climate science, contextual vulnerabilities, health systems strengthening, governance, community engagement, and financing. A total of 22 studies and reports were included and analyzed using thematic synthesis following Thomas and Harden’s (2008) three-step approach.
Results: Climate change intensifies the burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases, disrupts health infrastructure, and deepens health inequities across African regions. Resilience-building requires strengthened governance, sustained domestic and international financing, multisectoral partnerships, community engagement, and climate-adaptive health information systems.
Conclusions: Concerted, context-sensitive action that integrates climate adaptation into health policy frameworks is urgently needed to protect the health and well-being of African populations from the accelerating impacts of climate change. Practical implications include strengthening health system governance, mobilizing climate finance, investing in climate-adaptive surveillance systems, and fostering community engagement and multisectoral collaboration to build durable climate resilience across African health systems.
APA Citation StyleGulma, K. , Julde, S. M. , Wais, I. , Morna, E. , Danbatta, A. S. , Rodine, B. , & Maluki, A. K. (2026). Climate change and public health in Africa: A narrative review of resilience strategies for health systems. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 25-40. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v2i1.719 -
Role of inter-institutional partnerships in promoting holistic employee wellness programs: A convergent mixed-methods study across three public universities in Metro Manila, Philippines
Rosalie Dela Cruz11. University of Makati , PH2025-11-28|page 139-150AbstractBackground: Employee wellness has become an increasingly essential concern in higher education; yet, many public universities continue to struggle with implementing comprehensive and sustainable wellness initiatives. Inter-institutional partnerships offer opportunities to strengthen these efforts through shared resources and coordinated programming.
Objectives: This study examined how such partnerships support the development of holistic employee wellness programs across three public universities in Metro Manila.
Methods: Using a convergent mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected from 150 employees through an 18-item validated survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to assess institutional differences in awareness, participation, and perceived effectiveness. Qualitative data from six key informants were analyzed using grounded theory techniques to identify themes related to institutional practices and collaborative mechanisms.
Results: Findings indicated significant variations among institutions in employee awareness, participation levels, and perceptions of program effectiveness. Despite the availability of wellness initiatives, participation remained limited, mainly due to workload demands, time constraints, and scheduling challenges. Qualitative themes highlighted four central factors influencing the implementation of wellness: institutional support, holistic wellness orientation, program personalization, and persistent participation barriers. These themes helped explain why engagement levels differed among institutions.
Conclusions: Overall, inter-institutional collaboration contributes positively to wellness program development, but its impact depends on strong institutional support, program relevance, and clear communication. Enhancing coordination and tailoring activities to employee needs may improve future wellness outcomes.
APA Citation StyleCruz, R. D. (2025). Role of inter-institutional partnerships in promoting holistic employee wellness programs: A convergent mixed-methods study across three public universities in Metro Manila, Philippines. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 139-150. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i2.610 -
Occupational safety and health hazards among artisanal and small-scale gold miners at Mazowe Jumbo Mine, Zimbabwe: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study
Bridget Nyamombe1, Vincent Itai Tanyanyiwa21. Zimbabwe Open University , ZW2. Zimbabwe Open University , ZW2025-11-28|page 151-162AbstractBackground: Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is associated with multiple occupational hazards that artisans are often unaware of.
Objectives: To identify the occupational hazards and risk factors among artisanal gold miners at Mazowe Jumbo mine, Zimbabwe.
Methods: The cross-sectional study employed Mixed-methods(Sep- Nov 2023). Purposive sampling of 34 miners from two sites (response rate was 100%). The interview was administered using questionnaires, structured interviews, field observations, and document review. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively (frequencies and proportions), and qualitative data underwent thematic analysis.
Results: Heavy lifting was reported by 100% (34/34), manual handling by 91.2% (31/34), silica dust exposure by 91.2% (31/34), and contaminated water by 85.3% (29/34). Key risk factors included lack of PPE, financial pressure, and low OSH awareness. Field observations noted unsecured shafts, poor sanitation, and evidence of substance use on site.
Conclusions: ASG miners at Mazowe Jumbo Mine face multi-domain OSH hazards. We recommend targeted OSH training programmes, provision of PPE, improved sanitation, and monitoring/ formalization of ASGM activities.
APA Citation StyleNyamombe, B. , & Tanyanyiwa, V. I. (2025). Occupational safety and health hazards among artisanal and small-scale gold miners at Mazowe Jumbo Mine, Zimbabwe: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 151-162. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i2.638 -
The effect of leaflet-based education and simulation of first-aid in accidents (P3K) on the knowledge and skills of tourism workers in Indonesia
Adelia Permatasari1, Anita Sulistyorini2, Supriyadi Supriyadi3, Nurnaningsih Herya Ulfah41. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID4. State University of Malang , ID2025-06-15|page 127-138AbstractBackground: Law Number 1 of 1970 concerning Occupational Safety requires all sectors, including tourism, to implement Occupational Safety and Health (K3). Taman Dolan Batu City, as a tourist destination, has a risk of work accidents, so it needs mitigation efforts through First Aid for Accidents (P3K).
Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effect of leaflet-based education and simulation on workers' knowledge and first aid skills.
Methods: The research design used a quasi-experiment conducted with a sample of 16 people divided into two different intervention groups. This study uses questionnaire instruments and observation sheets that have been proven valid and reliable through statistical tests (Pearson, Aiken's V, and Cronbach Alpha) and experts' validation of leaflet educational media. Data analysis used Wilcoxon Signed Rank, and Mann-Whitney U tests with a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results of hypothesis testing showed that both educational methods significantly improved workers' knowledge and skills (p<0.05). The combined intervention of leaflet and simulation proved more effective than the single method.
Conclusions: Leaflet-based education and simulation together are more effective in improving the knowledge and skills of first aid workers at Dolan Park. Researchers recommend that managers routinely hold K3-related training to reduce the risk of workplace accidents. Future research is recommended to involve a larger sample and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the intervention provided.
APA Citation StylePermatasari, A. , Sulistyorini, A. , Supriyadi, S. , & Ulfah, N. H. (2025). The effect of leaflet-based education and simulation of first-aid in accidents (P3K) on the knowledge and skills of tourism workers in Indonesia. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 127-138. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.596
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