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Impact of large-scale social restrictions on air quality (NO₂, CO, O₃) during COVID-19: Surabaya case study, Indonesia
Asmaul Nur Fitria1, Supriyadi Supriyadi2, Muhammad Al-Irsyad3, Anindya Hapsari41. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID4. State University of Malang , ID2025-04-23|page 27-39AbstractBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic galvanized the world at the end of 2019. It was identified as an attack on humans and spread very quickly almost all over the world. As the person in charge of protecting the community, the government makes a policy that can suppress the spread of the COVID-19 virus.
Objectives: This study aims to determine whether implementing large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) in the COVID-19 period (2020 to 2021) impacts air quality in Surabaya City, East Java.
Methods: This quantitative research uses an Analysis of Secondary Data (ADS) approach by utilizing secondary data as the primary source. This research was conducted at the Surabaya City Environmental Service, East Java Province, in July - August 2021, with the total population being all the results of NO2, O3, and CO air quality measurements in 2020-2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020 to December 2021 at monitoring stations in Surabaya City. This study uses Wilcoxon test analysis.
Results: The results showed that implementing the first phase of large-scale social restrictions had no significant impact on NO₂ air quality in Surabaya City (p = 0.068). Implementing the transitional PSBB (second stage) had no significant impact on NO₂ air quality in Surabaya City (p = 0.068). Implementing the first and second phases of the PSBB has no significant impact on NO₂ air quality in Surabaya City (p = 0.173).
Conclusions: The implementation of PSBB Phase One and PSBB Phase Two (transition period) did not significantly impact the air quality of NO2, CO, or O3 gases in Surabaya City. This finding challenges the common assumption that lockdowns automatically improve air quality and emphasizes the need for more comprehensive environmental policies.
APA Citation StyleFitria, A. N. , Supriyadi, S. , Al-Irsyad, M. , & Hapsari, A. (2025). Impact of large-scale social restrictions on air quality (NO₂, CO, O₃) during COVID-19: Surabaya case study, Indonesia. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 27-39. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.528 -
Spatial mapping and correlation between healthy home coverage and tuberculosis incidence in Malang district
Fatma Lidya Zulfa1, Hartati Eko Wardani2, Tika Dwi Tama3, Anindya Hapsari4, Rara Warih Gayatri5, Erni Astutik61. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID4. State University of Malang , ID5. State University of Malang , ID6. Airlangga University , ID2025-04-23|page 1-16AbstractBackground: According to the Ministry of Health, 91% of active tuberculosis (TB) cases in Indonesia occur in crowded and slum areas. The Healthy Homes Program under the Healthy Indonesia Indicators (2010) aims to improve housing conditions in such areas to meet health standards. Malang District, with the second-highest housing density in East Java, ranks fifth in TB cases, suggesting residential exposure as a contributing factor.
Objectives: This study aims to map trends and examine the correlation between healthy home coverage and TB incidence in the Malang District Health Center Working Area 2019-2021.
Methods: The study was conducted in January-April 2023 at the Malang District Health Office with a unit of analysis of 39 health centers. The variables of this study were the coverage of healthy homes and the incidence of BTA-positive pulmonary TB. The study used a mixed ecological study and Pearson correlation test with secondary data from the Malang District Health Office and BPS.
Results: TB incidence showed a decreasing trend alongside increasing healthy home coverage. Nine health centers remained in high-incidence zones, and five exhibited poor housing coverage. Correlation analysis revealed a weak, negative relationship (r = -0.084). High TB incidence was still found in areas meeting healthy home criteria.
Conclusions: The incidence rate of BTA-positive pulmonary TB in the working area of the Malang District Health Center showed a downward trend for 3 years. Future research using individual data and other specific risk factors that may influence TB incidence is recommended.
APA Citation StyleZulfa, F. L. , Wardani, H. E. , Tama, T. D. , Hapsari, A. , Gayatri, R. W. , & Astutik, E. (2025). Spatial mapping and correlation between healthy home coverage and tuberculosis incidence in Malang district. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.532 -
Climate change and public health in Africa: A narrative review of resilience strategies for health systems
Kabiru Gulma1, Sa’adatu M. Julde2, Isman Wais3, Emmanuel Morna4, Abubakar S. Danbatta5, Bakam Rodine6, Anastacia Katungo Maluki71. School of Global Health and Bioethics, Euclid University, Banjul , GM2. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano , NG3. Euclid Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale de Djibouti , DJ4. Doctoral Programme in Monitoring, Measurement and Evaluation, Euclid University, Bangui , CF5. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano , NG6. Doctoral Programme in Global Energy Policy, Euclid University, Douala , CM7. Doctoral Programme in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Euclid University, Banjul , GM2026-05-24|page 25-40AbstractBackground: Climate change poses an escalating threat to public health in Africa, a continent responsible for less than 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions yet disproportionately bearing the burden of its consequences. Existing health systems remain fragile, under-resourced, and ill-equipped to absorb climate-related shocks.
Objectives: To synthesize evidence on the health impacts of climate change in Africa and identify strategies for building climate-resilient health systems.
Methods: This study is a narrative literature review. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed databases and gray literature was conducted. Sources were screened against predefined inclusion criteria and synthesized thematically across six domains: climate science, contextual vulnerabilities, health systems strengthening, governance, community engagement, and financing. A total of 22 studies and reports were included and analyzed using thematic synthesis following Thomas and Harden’s (2008) three-step approach.
Results: Climate change intensifies the burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases, disrupts health infrastructure, and deepens health inequities across African regions. Resilience-building requires strengthened governance, sustained domestic and international financing, multisectoral partnerships, community engagement, and climate-adaptive health information systems.
Conclusions: Concerted, context-sensitive action that integrates climate adaptation into health policy frameworks is urgently needed to protect the health and well-being of African populations from the accelerating impacts of climate change. Practical implications include strengthening health system governance, mobilizing climate finance, investing in climate-adaptive surveillance systems, and fostering community engagement and multisectoral collaboration to build durable climate resilience across African health systems.
APA Citation StyleGulma, K. , Julde, S. M. , Wais, I. , Morna, E. , Danbatta, A. S. , Rodine, B. , & Maluki, A. K. (2026). Climate change and public health in Africa: A narrative review of resilience strategies for health systems. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 25-40. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v2i1.719 -
Mapping the intellectual structure of lead exposure and occupational health research in mining: A bibliometric analysis (2015–2025)
Ismi Farah Syarifah1, Rizal Maulana Hasby21. Department of Public Health, Faculty of of Health Sciences, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta , ID2. Program of Biology, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Bina Bangsa , ID2026-01-28|page 193-204AbstractBackground: Lead exposure remains a significant occupational health issue in the mining industry, where workers are frequently exposed to dust, particulate matter, and contaminated environments. While research has increased, the literature often develops in separate thematic streams, making it difficult to capture the overall structure and relationships between key areas of study.
Objectives: This study aims to map research trends and thematic developments related to lead exposure and occupational health in the mining industry from 2015 to 2025. The goal is to provide a comprehensive bibliometric overview of the field and identify dominant and emerging themes.
Methods: A bibliometric approach was applied using Scopus-indexed publications. Peer-reviewed articles and review papers published between 2015 and 2025 were screened for relevance, resulting in a dataset of 133 documents. Descriptive analyses examined publication trends, subject areas, document types, leading journals, authors, affiliations, and contributing countries. Keyword co-occurrence analysis was performed using VOSviewer to map thematic patterns.
Results: The volume of publications increased significantly after 2020, peaking in the early 2020s. Research predominantly focused on environmental and health-related topics, driven by empirical studies. The thematic mapping revealed three major clusters: (1) mining assessment, (2) epidemiological outcomes, and (3) occupational health risks. Although connections between exposure assessment and health outcomes were observed, these relationships remain weak.
Conclusions: Research on lead exposure and occupational health in mining has shown sustained growth and thematic maturity. However, there is limited integration between exposure monitoring and health outcome studies. Future research should focus on integrating exposure monitoring with health outcomes, particularly in high-risk mining sectors.
APA Citation StyleSyarifah, I. F. , & Hasby, R. M. (2026). Mapping the intellectual structure of lead exposure and occupational health research in mining: A bibliometric analysis (2015–2025). Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 193-204. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i2.675 -
Occupational safety and health hazards among artisanal and small-scale gold miners at Mazowe Jumbo Mine, Zimbabwe: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study
Bridget Nyamombe1, Vincent Itai Tanyanyiwa21. Zimbabwe Open University , ZW2. Zimbabwe Open University , ZW2025-11-28|page 151-162AbstractBackground: Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is associated with multiple occupational hazards that artisans are often unaware of.
Objectives: To identify the occupational hazards and risk factors among artisanal gold miners at Mazowe Jumbo mine, Zimbabwe.
Methods: The cross-sectional study employed Mixed-methods(Sep- Nov 2023). Purposive sampling of 34 miners from two sites (response rate was 100%). The interview was administered using questionnaires, structured interviews, field observations, and document review. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively (frequencies and proportions), and qualitative data underwent thematic analysis.
Results: Heavy lifting was reported by 100% (34/34), manual handling by 91.2% (31/34), silica dust exposure by 91.2% (31/34), and contaminated water by 85.3% (29/34). Key risk factors included lack of PPE, financial pressure, and low OSH awareness. Field observations noted unsecured shafts, poor sanitation, and evidence of substance use on site.
Conclusions: ASG miners at Mazowe Jumbo Mine face multi-domain OSH hazards. We recommend targeted OSH training programmes, provision of PPE, improved sanitation, and monitoring/ formalization of ASGM activities.
APA Citation StyleNyamombe, B. , & Tanyanyiwa, V. I. (2025). Occupational safety and health hazards among artisanal and small-scale gold miners at Mazowe Jumbo Mine, Zimbabwe: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 151-162. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i2.638 -
Effects of theory-based education versus simulation-based training on knowledge and skills in managing shortness of breath among university health volunteers
Agus Nur Wahyuda1, Marji Marji2, Nurnaningsih Herya Ulfah3, Anita Sulistyorini41. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID4. State University of Malang , ID2026-01-14|page 163-173AbstractBackground: First aid skills for respiratory emergencies, particularly shortness of breath, are crucial for university health volunteers who often serve as the first responders. However, theory-based learning alone is not always adequate for developing practical competencies.
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of theoretical education compared to the combination of theory and simulation in enhancing the knowledge and skills of university health volunteers in managing cases of shortness of breath.
Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-posttest design was conducted among 40 student volunteers of the Indonesian Red Cross Volunteer Corps (KSR-PMI), aged 18-20 years, who were equally assigned to a theory-only group or a theory-plus-simulation group. The intervention consisted of two 45-minute sessions. Knowledge and skills were assessed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and the Mann–Whitney U Test with a significance level of α = 0.05.
Results: Knowledge significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05), with no significant difference between them (p = 0.204). Skill performance improved markedly in the simulation group, increasing from 0% to 100%, compared with only 20% in the theory-only group (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: While theoretical education effectively enhances knowledge, it is insufficient for developing practical skills. Integrating simulation-based training significantly improves psychomotor competence and better prepares university health volunteers to manage respiratory emergencies.
APA Citation StyleWahyuda, A. N. , Marji, M. , Ulfah, N. H. , & Sulistyorini, A. (2026). Effects of theory-based education versus simulation-based training on knowledge and skills in managing shortness of breath among university health volunteers. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 163-173. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i2.671 -
Effectiveness of 3D poster in improving menstrual hygiene knowledge among adolescent girls: A quasi-experimental study
Rani Mustikawati1, Windi Chusniah Rachmawati2, Endang Sri Redjeki3, Nurnaningsih Herya Ulfah41. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID4. State University of Malang , ID2025-04-23|page 40-52AbstractBackground: Personal hygiene during menstruation is important and must be applied during the menstrual cycle. Suppose personal hygiene during menstruation is not maintained correctly. In that case, adolescent girls have the potential to experience health problems such as vaginal discharge, irritation of the genital area, allergies, inflammation, and Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). As many as 75% of women in Indonesia have experienced vaginal discharge once, while 45% have experienced it more than 2 times.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of 3D posters in increasing knowledge about personal hygiene during menstruation.
Methods: The research method used was Research and Development (R&D), which was conducted through a pre-experimental approach with one group pretest-posttest. Ninety-five adolescent girls in class VII of State Junior High School 13 Malang participated in the study obtained using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a closed-type questionnaire with 10 items to measure knowledge.
Results: The 3D poster product obtained a percentage value of media feasibility of 95% for the media aspect and 92% for the material aspect, which means it is very feasible to use. After the intervention, it is known that there is an effect of providing health education using 3D posters on the knowledge of adolescent girls regarding personal hygiene during menstruation according to the p-value = 0.000 from the Wilcoxon test.
Conclusions: Personal hygiene education during menstruation should be done more often to improve the knowledge of adolescent girls. The findings support the use of 3D media in menstrual health promotion, especially in schools with limited resources.
APA Citation StyleMustikawati, R. , Rachmawati, W. C. , Redjeki, E. S. , & Ulfah, N. H. (2025). Effectiveness of 3D poster in improving menstrual hygiene knowledge among adolescent girls: A quasi-experimental study. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 40-52. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.531 -
The effect of leaflet-based education and simulation of first-aid in accidents (P3K) on the knowledge and skills of tourism workers in Indonesia
Adelia Permatasari1, Anita Sulistyorini2, Supriyadi Supriyadi3, Nurnaningsih Herya Ulfah41. State University of Malang , ID2. State University of Malang , ID3. State University of Malang , ID4. State University of Malang , ID2025-06-15|page 127-138AbstractBackground: Law Number 1 of 1970 concerning Occupational Safety requires all sectors, including tourism, to implement Occupational Safety and Health (K3). Taman Dolan Batu City, as a tourist destination, has a risk of work accidents, so it needs mitigation efforts through First Aid for Accidents (P3K).
Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effect of leaflet-based education and simulation on workers' knowledge and first aid skills.
Methods: The research design used a quasi-experiment conducted with a sample of 16 people divided into two different intervention groups. This study uses questionnaire instruments and observation sheets that have been proven valid and reliable through statistical tests (Pearson, Aiken's V, and Cronbach Alpha) and experts' validation of leaflet educational media. Data analysis used Wilcoxon Signed Rank, and Mann-Whitney U tests with a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results of hypothesis testing showed that both educational methods significantly improved workers' knowledge and skills (p<0.05). The combined intervention of leaflet and simulation proved more effective than the single method.
Conclusions: Leaflet-based education and simulation together are more effective in improving the knowledge and skills of first aid workers at Dolan Park. Researchers recommend that managers routinely hold K3-related training to reduce the risk of workplace accidents. Future research is recommended to involve a larger sample and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the intervention provided.
APA Citation StylePermatasari, A. , Sulistyorini, A. , Supriyadi, S. , & Ulfah, N. H. (2025). The effect of leaflet-based education and simulation of first-aid in accidents (P3K) on the knowledge and skills of tourism workers in Indonesia. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 127-138. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.596
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