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  • Occupational safety and health hazards among artisanal and small-scale gold miners at Mazowe Jumbo Mine, Zimbabwe: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study

    Bridget Nyamombe1, Vincent Itai Tanyanyiwa2
    1. Zimbabwe Open University , ZW
    2. Zimbabwe Open University , ZW
    2025-11-28
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i2.638
    Published Online: 28 November 2025
    |
    page 151-162
    Abstract

    Background: Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is associated with multiple occupational hazards that artisans are often unaware of.

    Objectives: To identify the occupational hazards and risk factors among artisanal gold miners at Mazowe Jumbo mine, Zimbabwe.

    Methods: The cross-sectional study employed Mixed-methods(Sep- Nov 2023). Purposive sampling of 34 miners from two sites (response rate was 100%). The interview was administered using questionnaires, structured interviews, field observations, and document review. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively (frequencies and proportions), and qualitative data underwent thematic analysis.

    Results: Heavy lifting was reported by 100% (34/34), manual handling by 91.2% (31/34), silica dust exposure by 91.2% (31/34), and contaminated water by 85.3% (29/34). Key risk factors included lack of PPE, financial pressure, and low OSH awareness. Field observations noted unsecured shafts, poor sanitation, and evidence of substance use on site.

    Conclusions: ASG miners at Mazowe Jumbo Mine face multi-domain OSH hazards. We recommend targeted OSH training programmes, provision of PPE, improved sanitation, and monitoring/ formalization of ASGM activities.

    APA Citation Style
    Nyamombe, B. , & Tanyanyiwa, V. I. (2025). Occupational safety and health hazards among artisanal and small-scale gold miners at Mazowe Jumbo Mine, Zimbabwe: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 151-162. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i2.638

  • Climate change and public health in Africa: A narrative review of resilience strategies for health systems

    Kabiru Gulma1, Sa’adatu M. Julde2, Isman Wais3, Emmanuel Morna4, Abubakar S. Danbatta5, Bakam Rodine6, Anastacia Katungo Maluki7
    1. School of Global Health and Bioethics, Euclid University, Banjul , GM
    2. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano , NG
    3. Euclid Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale de Djibouti , DJ
    4. Doctoral Programme in Monitoring, Measurement and Evaluation, Euclid University, Bangui , CF
    5. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano , NG
    6. Doctoral Programme in Global Energy Policy, Euclid University, Douala , CM
    7. Doctoral Programme in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Euclid University, Banjul , GM
    2026-05-24
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v2i1.719
    Published Online: 24 May 2026
    |
    page 25-40
    Abstract

    Background: Climate change poses an escalating threat to public health in Africa, a continent responsible for less than 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions yet disproportionately bearing the burden of its consequences. Existing health systems remain fragile, under-resourced, and ill-equipped to absorb climate-related shocks.

    Objectives: To synthesize evidence on the health impacts of climate change in Africa and identify strategies for building climate-resilient health systems.

    Methods: This study is a narrative literature review. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed databases and gray literature was conducted. Sources were screened against predefined inclusion criteria and synthesized thematically across six domains: climate science, contextual vulnerabilities, health systems strengthening, governance, community engagement, and financing. A total of 22 studies and reports were included and analyzed using thematic synthesis following Thomas and Harden’s (2008) three-step approach.

    Results: Climate change intensifies the burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases, disrupts health infrastructure, and deepens health inequities across African regions. Resilience-building requires strengthened governance, sustained domestic and international financing, multisectoral partnerships, community engagement, and climate-adaptive health information systems.

    Conclusions: Concerted, context-sensitive action that integrates climate adaptation into health policy frameworks is urgently needed to protect the health and well-being of African populations from the accelerating impacts of climate change. Practical implications include strengthening health system governance, mobilizing climate finance, investing in climate-adaptive surveillance systems, and fostering community engagement and multisectoral collaboration to build durable climate resilience across African health systems.

    APA Citation Style
    Gulma, K. , Julde, S. M. , Wais, I. , Morna, E. , Danbatta, A. S. , Rodine, B. , & Maluki, A. K. (2026). Climate change and public health in Africa: A narrative review of resilience strategies for health systems. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 25-40. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v2i1.719

  • Maternal education and child stunting in Kenya: The role of socio-economic confounding using DHS 2022 data

    Anastacia Katungo Maluki1, Zerai Hagos2, Kabiru Gulma3, Michael Musili Nzau4
    1. Doctoral Programme in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Euclid University, Banjul , GM
    2. Doctoral Programme in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Euclid University, Banjul , GM
    3. School of Global Health and Bioethics, Euclid University, Bangui , CF
    4. United Nations Development Programme, New York , US
    2026-05-24
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v2i1.743
    Published Online: 24 May 2026
    |
    page 41-56
    Abstract

    Background: Child stunting remains a major public health challenge in Kenya, reflecting long‑term nutritional deprivation and socioeconomic inequalities. Although maternal education is widely considered protective, its independent effect is often unclear due to confounding by structural factors.

    Objectives: To examine the association between maternal education and child stunting among children under five in Kenya and to assess the extent of confounding and effect modification by key sociodemographic factors.

    Methods: A cross‑sectional analytical study was conducted using data from the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS). The sample included 19,530 children aged 0–59 months. Stunting was defined using height‑for‑age z-scores (<-2 SD). Descriptive, bivariate, stratified, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed, accounting for the complex survey design.

    Results: Stunting prevalence was 18.2%. Stunting decreased with increasing maternal education, from 21.4–21.7% among children of mothers with no or primary education to 8.7% among those with higher education (χ² = 238, p < 0.001). However, the association was weak (Cramer’s V = 0.117) and attenuated after adjustment for socioeconomic factors. Household wealth was the strongest predictor, with children in the richest households having significantly lower odds of stunting than those in the poorest households (AOR = 0.268; 95% CI: 0.222–0.323; p < 0.001). Stunting risk increased with age, particularly among children aged 6–23 months, while females had lower odds than males (OR = 0.717; 95% CI: 0.662–0.776). Stratified analyses showed stronger protective effects of maternal education among older children. In contrast, variation across wealth groups should be interpreted cautiously, given inconsistent and non-significant findings in some strata. No meaningful effect modification by child sex was identified.

    Conclusions: Child stunting in Kenya is primarily driven by structural socioeconomic factors. While maternal education is associated with reduced stunting, its effect is highly context dependent. Addressing poverty and inequality is essential for effective and equitable reductions in child stunting.

    APA Citation Style
    Maluki, A. K. , Hagos, Z. , Gulma, K. , & Nzau, M. M. (2026). Maternal education and child stunting in Kenya: The role of socio-economic confounding using DHS 2022 data. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 41-56. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v2i1.743
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