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  • Workplace stress and burnout among university lecturers in Indonesia and Malaysia: A systematic review of stressors, outcomes, and protective factors

    Mimi Haryani Hassim1, Dian Puspitaningtyas Laksana2, Rachmy Rosyida Rais3, Ronal Surya Aditya4
    1. University of Technology Malaysia , MY
    2. State University of Malang , ID
    3. State University of Malang , ID
    4. Universitas Jember , ID
    2026-01-27
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i2.674
    Published Online: 27 January 2026
    |
    page 174-192
    Abstract

    Background: Workplace stress and burnout have emerged as critical occupational health concerns among university lecturers, particularly amid increasing academic workloads, performance pressures, and organizational demands intensified during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite growing empirical attention, evidence remains fragmented, especially within Southeast Asian higher education contexts.

    Objectives: This study aims to systematically review empirical research on workplace stress and burnout among university lecturers in Indonesia and Malaysia, with a focus on identifying key stressors, associated outcomes, and protective factors.

    Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Peer-reviewed articles published in English were retrieved from the Scopus database using predefined search terms related to workplace stress, burnout, lecturers, and higher education in Indonesia and Malaysia. After screening and eligibility assessment, 19 studies published between 2004 and 2025 were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and findings were synthesized through qualitative narrative analysis due to study heterogeneity.

    Results: The review reveals that workplace stress and burnout are prevalent among university lecturers in both countries. Major stressors include excessive workload, role ambiguity, performance-based evaluation systems, work–life imbalance, and limited organizational support. These stressors are consistently associated with adverse outcomes such as emotional exhaustion, reduced job satisfaction, impaired performance, and increased turnover intention. Protective factors, including social support, supportive leadership, emotional intelligence, and workplace spirituality, were found to mitigate stress and burnout effects.

    Conclusions: Workplace stress and burnout among university lecturers in Indonesia and Malaysia are multifactorial and systemic issues embedded in contemporary academic work environments. Organizational- and policy-level interventions are essential to promote lecturer well-being and ensure sustainable academic careers.

    APA Citation Style
    Hassim, M. H. , Laksana, D. P. , Rais, R. R. , & Aditya, R. S. (2026). Workplace stress and burnout among university lecturers in Indonesia and Malaysia: A systematic review of stressors, outcomes, and protective factors. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 174-192. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i2.674

  • Development of snakes and ladders game to increase knowledge of the dangers of smoking among elementary school students: A quasi-experimental study in Malang, Indonesia

    Novita Rizky Ramadhani1, Windi Chusniah Rachmawati2, Moch. Yunus3, Nurnaningsih Herya Ulfah4
    1. State University of Malang , ID
    2. State University of Malang , ID
    3. State University of Malang , ID
    4. State University of Malang , ID
    2025-04-23
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.530
    Published Online: 23 April 2025
    |
    page 53-66
    Abstract

    Background: The smoking trend has now infected school-age children, with 19.2% of students aged 13-15 years in Indonesia and 2,859 children in Malang City recorded as active smokers, which is influenced by a lack of understanding of the dangers of smoking. Educational interventions such as Snakes and Ladders game-based health promotion media must be developed to build a culture of not smoking from an early age.

    Objectives: The purpose of the study was to develop educational game media in the form of snakes and ladders as a tool for delivering health information about the dangers of smoking to students of Oro-Oro Dowo Malang State Elementary School.

    Methods: Research and Development (R&D) type research with a one-group pretest and posttest trial aims to determine the effectiveness of the Snakes and Ladders game as a health promotion media on the dangers of smoking behavior. The subjects needed in this study are media experts, material experts, and students aged 9-13 years as research samples.

    Results: The average result of increasing knowledge is 0.000 using the Wilcoxon test, so there is a difference in the average value of knowledge in the pretest and posttest data. In the feasibility test results, the assessment results were obtained in the very feasible category. Game media is effective and very feasible to be a health promotion media in efforts to promote the dangers of smoking in children.

    Conclusions: The Snakes and Ladders game media developed is feasible to be a health promotion media in efforts to promote the dangers of smoking behavior in children. The Snakes and Ladders game media influences increasing students' knowledge of Oro-Oro Dowo Malang State Elementary School about the dangers of smoking. Further research needs to evaluate media's long-term impact and adaptation in various socio-cultural contexts.

    APA Citation Style
    Ramadhani, N. R. , Rachmawati, W. C. , Yunus, M. , & Ulfah, N. H. (2025). Development of snakes and ladders game to increase knowledge of the dangers of smoking among elementary school students: A quasi-experimental study in Malang, Indonesia. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 53-66. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.530
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