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  • Spatial mapping and correlation between healthy home coverage and tuberculosis incidence in Malang district

    Fatma Lidya Zulfa1, Hartati Eko Wardani2, Tika Dwi Tama3, Anindya Hapsari4, Rara Warih Gayatri5, Erni Astutik6
    1. State University of Malang , ID
    2. State University of Malang , ID
    3. State University of Malang , ID
    4. State University of Malang , ID
    5. State University of Malang , ID
    6. Airlangga University , ID
    2025-04-23
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.532
    Published Online: 23 April 2025
    |
    page 1-16
    Abstract

    Background: According to the Ministry of Health, 91% of active tuberculosis (TB) cases in Indonesia occur in crowded and slum areas. The Healthy Homes Program under the Healthy Indonesia Indicators (2010) aims to improve housing conditions in such areas to meet health standards. Malang District, with the second-highest housing density in East Java, ranks fifth in TB cases, suggesting residential exposure as a contributing factor.

    Objectives: This study aims to map trends and examine the correlation between healthy home coverage and TB incidence in the Malang District Health Center Working Area 2019-2021.

    Methods: The study was conducted in January-April 2023 at the Malang District Health Office with a unit of analysis of 39 health centers. The variables of this study were the coverage of healthy homes and the incidence of BTA-positive pulmonary TB. The study used a mixed ecological study and Pearson correlation test with secondary data from the Malang District Health Office and BPS.

    Results: TB incidence showed a decreasing trend alongside increasing healthy home coverage. Nine health centers remained in high-incidence zones, and five exhibited poor housing coverage. Correlation analysis revealed a weak, negative relationship (r = -0.084). High TB incidence was still found in areas meeting healthy home criteria.

    Conclusions: The incidence rate of BTA-positive pulmonary TB in the working area of the Malang District Health Center showed a downward trend for 3 years. Future research using individual data and other specific risk factors that may influence TB incidence is recommended.

    APA Citation Style
    Zulfa, F. L. , Wardani, H. E. , Tama, T. D. , Hapsari, A. , Gayatri, R. W. , & Astutik, E. (2025). Spatial mapping and correlation between healthy home coverage and tuberculosis incidence in Malang district. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i1.532

  • Occupational safety and health hazards among artisanal and small-scale gold miners at Mazowe Jumbo Mine, Zimbabwe: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study

    Bridget Nyamombe1, Vincent Itai Tanyanyiwa2
    1. Zimbabwe Open University , ZW
    2. Zimbabwe Open University , ZW
    2025-11-28
    doi https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i2.638
    Published Online: 28 November 2025
    |
    page 151-162
    Abstract

    Background: Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is associated with multiple occupational hazards that artisans are often unaware of.

    Objectives: To identify the occupational hazards and risk factors among artisanal gold miners at Mazowe Jumbo mine, Zimbabwe.

    Methods: The cross-sectional study employed Mixed-methods(Sep- Nov 2023). Purposive sampling of 34 miners from two sites (response rate was 100%). The interview was administered using questionnaires, structured interviews, field observations, and document review. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively (frequencies and proportions), and qualitative data underwent thematic analysis.

    Results: Heavy lifting was reported by 100% (34/34), manual handling by 91.2% (31/34), silica dust exposure by 91.2% (31/34), and contaminated water by 85.3% (29/34). Key risk factors included lack of PPE, financial pressure, and low OSH awareness. Field observations noted unsecured shafts, poor sanitation, and evidence of substance use on site.

    Conclusions: ASG miners at Mazowe Jumbo Mine face multi-domain OSH hazards. We recommend targeted OSH training programmes, provision of PPE, improved sanitation, and monitoring/ formalization of ASGM activities.

    APA Citation Style
    Nyamombe, B. , & Tanyanyiwa, V. I. (2025). Occupational safety and health hazards among artisanal and small-scale gold miners at Mazowe Jumbo Mine, Zimbabwe: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study. Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal, 151-162. https://doi.org/10.56003/phosj.v1i2.638
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