Sport, Exercise, and Injury

Injury patterns and risk factors in high school futsal: An observational study

Rafif Jendra Atmaja — Tue, 17 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Sports injuries at an early age are crucial and must be given attention.

Objectives: This study aims to analyze injury patterns, causative factors, and prevention strategies specific to high school futsal players.

Methods: The research method used was descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional study approach. The population in this study were male students of State Senior High School 1 Ponorogo who participated in class meeting activities, with purposive sampling technique found 24 samples. Data collected by questionnaire included information on the type of injury, location of injury, causative factors, injury treatment and type of rehabilitation.

Results: The results showed that the most common injuries were cuts/abrasions (29%) and bruises (23%), most common in the lower extremities, namely knees (23%) and ankles (20%), the most common cause of injury was physical contact (54%), most injuries occurred during the second half (67%), the most common first aid given was cold compresses (51%) and the most common rehabilitation/therapy was massage (25%) and physiotherapy (21%).

Conclusions: The findings can be concluded that the most dominant type of injury experienced by students is abrasion, especially in the knee area. In addition, the main causative factors of injury are fatigue, infrastructure, and collisions between players. The results of this study indicate the urgency of implementing injury prevention programs and the importance of conducting post-injury rehabilitation, in an effort to minimize the risk of injury to support the sustainability of students' careers in sports.

Injury trends in Pencak Silat: Impact of regulation changes on sparring athletes

Jhenny Ayu Suryaningrum, Mohamad Nizam Mohamed Shapie — Tue, 17 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Pencak Silat is a martial arts sport with high physical contact intensity, resulting in a high risk of injury. To improve safety and sportsmanship, PERSILAT changed the competition rules in 2017. However, the impact of these changes on athlete injury rates is still debated.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare injury rates between the old and new rules in the sparring category of Pencak Silat athletes.

Methods: The study involved 40 sparring category Pencak Silat athletes in the Greater Malang area, aged 16-25 years, who had experience competing before and after implementing the new rules. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed descriptively quantitatively with percentage calculations.

Results: The results showed a decrease in injury rates in the new rules compared to the old rules. 50.00% of respondents were injured 1-2 times under the new regulation, lower than 57.50% under the old regulation. The most common injury was bruising (27.06% under the new rules vs. 36.36% under the old rules), while dislocation injuries increased (18.82% vs. 15.58%). The most common injury was to the ankle. Most athletes stated that injuries affected their performance and daily activities.

Conclusions: Rule changes have not eliminated the risk of injury in high-contact sports such as Pencak Silat. A decrease in bruising followed by increased dislocations suggests the need for more specific prevention strategies. This study contributes to understanding the impact of new regulations on athlete safety.

Injury pattern and risk factors in grassroots football: A study of 10-year-old athletes

Leo Ferdinand, Yulingga Nanda Hanief, Randy M. Manimtim — Tue, 17 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Young football players, especially in grassroots competitions, are highly susceptible to injury due to physical contact, fatigue, and underdeveloped motor skills, making injury prevention a critical aspect of early childhood sports.

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the types, causes, and needs for injury prevention in 10-year-old football players.

Methods: A descriptive quantitative design was used with the survey method. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to players injured during the competition. A purposive sampling technique was applied with inclusion criteria: (1) players injured during the match and (2) willing to participate. The final sample consisted of 25 athletes.

Results: A total of 25 injury incidents were recorded. The most common type of injury was contusion, reaching 13 cases (52%), followed by muscle cramps (20%) and sprains (8%). Most injuries (64%) occurred in the lower extremities, especially the knee and thigh. Injuries predominantly occurred in the second half of matches (60%), with 88% caused by physical contact with an opponent. In the absence of medical personnel, coaches often found themselves in the role of first responders, a challenging position that requires adequate training and support. Many players continued to play despite their injuries, indicating a need for improved injury management.

Conclusions: The study concluded that football injuries in children generally occur in the lower extremities, with bruising being the most dominant type. Player-to-player collisions caused most injuries, and many players could continue the match. This shows the importance of prevention, education, and follow-up for developing the sport of football.

Injury prevalence among cricket athletes in East Java: A cross-sectional study

Ali Ridho Fadlurrahman Najib — Tue, 17 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Cricket has a risk of injury that needs to be considered, especially for athletes in East Java. This study aims to understand the prevalence of injuries in East Java cricket athletes, including the type, location, cause, time of occurrence, and treatment, as an effort to prevent and improve athlete performance.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence, types, causes, timing, and management of injuries among cricket athletes in East Java.

Methods: This study uses non-experimental descriptive quantitative methods, with a cross-sectional study and total sampling technique. 25 Indonesian East Java Province Cricket athletes with an age of 22.68+2.32, height of 163.2+6.78, and weight of 60.32+10.06, consisting of 13 male athletes and 12 female athletes, were involved in this study. This research instrument used a questionnaire to collect data. Data were analyzed using percentage analysis.

Results: The results showed that abrasions (36%) and muscle cramps (20%) were the most frequent injuries, especially affecting the lower extremities (56%). Overtraining (52%) was the leading cause, and injuries mainly occurred during training (52%). The RICE method was the most frequently applied treatment (60%).

Conclusions: This study highlights the need for structured training programs and preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of injuries.

Knowledge level of sports injury first aid using PRICE method among student-athletes in Indonesia: A case study

Hison Naji Ar Rahman — Tue, 17 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Sports injuries are a risk often experienced by athletes, including special sports class students, so knowledge about proper injury management is needed, one of which is the PRICE method (Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation).

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge about first aid in sports injuries using the PRICE method among student-athletes.

Methods: This study used a descriptive quantitative method with a survey technique. The research sample comprised 18 students selected through purposive sampling, using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire containing 48 items related to the PRICE method.

Results: The results showed 33.3% of students had a high level of knowledge, 38.4% were moderate, 22.3% were low, and 5.5% were very low.

Conclusions: The level of student knowledge of the PRICE method is mainly in the moderate to high category, but there are still some students with low understanding, especially in the Compression aspect, so further education is needed to improve the effectiveness of injury management. The compression component had the lowest understanding, indicating a need for further education and training.

Eccentric hamstring strength and asymmetry in female handball athletes: A descriptive study

Alvito Dandy Putra Sanjaya, Awang Firmansyah, Aziz Abdul Hakim, Panji Bana — Tue, 17 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Handball is a competitive sport that requires high physical strength and muscle endurance. The game requires a balance of muscle strength to support athletes in performing movements such as sprints, jumps, and fast movement maneuvers. Lack of flexibility and high hamstring muscle asymmetry values are risk factors for injury to handball athletes.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the eccentric strength and hamstring muscle asymmetry in female handball athletes in Surabaya City.

Methods: The study subjects were 13 female handball athletes from Surabaya aged 18-23 years with regional-level competition experience and no lower extremity injuries. The instrument in this study is Nordbord by Vald Performance; Nordbord is a portable rapid assessment tool that can analyze large groups, providing information about the exact functional strength parameters quickly and efficiently. This study used a quantitative descriptive method to analyze hamstring muscle strength and asymmetry data.

Results: Indicated the athletes had an average (body mass of 59.30 ± 10.94 kg and height of 164.80 ± 6.80 cm). The overall eccentric hamstring strength was 88.1% of the expected norm, with right and left maximum forces averaging 230.70 ± 48.80 N and 233.61 ± 50.15 N, respectively. The average asymmetry between legs was -1.44 ± 9.14%, suggesting relatively balanced muscle strength.

Conclusions: The study concluded that hamstring eccentric strength in both legs should be improved by approximately 11.9% while maintaining the current low asymmetry levels to support muscle balance. Targeted training interventions are recommended to increase hamstring strength and minimize asymmetry, enhancing performance and reducing injury risk in female handball athletes.

Eccentric hamstring strength profile and limb asymmetry in sub-elite female taekwondo athletes: Implications for injury prevention

Tue, 17 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Taekwondo is a physical contact sport requiring quick reactions and explosive movements such as kicking, which depend heavily on hamstring muscle strength to maintain performance and reduce injury risk.

Objectives: This study aims to profile the eccentric hamstring strength and asymmetry in sub-elite female taekwondo athletes in East Java.

Methods: This was a quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 22 female athletes with regional competition experience and no lower limb injuries were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the NordBord by Vald Performance, a reliable tool for measuring eccentric hamstring strength and asymmetry. Descriptive statistics analyzed the mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and strength percentage relative to normative values.

Results: The athletes had an average age of 18.86±2.05 years, body mass of 57.45±8.90 kg, height of 160.68±6.72 cm, and BMI of24.33 ±2.51. Eccentric hamstring strength was 89.6% in the left leg, 85% in the right leg, and 87.2% overall, indicating the need for improvement.

Conclusions: The eccentric hamstring strength of both legs needs to be increased by approximately 12.8% while maintaining the current low asymmetry level to support muscle balance. Targeted hamstring strengthening exercises are recommended to enhance performance and reduce injury risk. This study is limited to female athletes; further research should include broader populations and variables.